From e1121c9826cc2c72e6474ee35d1ee23517c6d659 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Manuel Vergara <manuel@vergaracarmona.es>
Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 00:02:42 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Add exercises 14

Signed-off-by: Manuel Vergara <manuel@vergaracarmona.es>
---
 .../01_func_sup.py                            |  105 +
 .../02_func_sup.py                            |  195 ++
 .../03_func_sup.py                            |   61 +
 .../14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/README.md  |    6 +
 .../countries.py                              |  195 ++
 .../countries_data.py                         | 2620 +++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 3182 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/01_func_sup.py
 create mode 100644 30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/02_func_sup.py
 create mode 100644 30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/03_func_sup.py
 create mode 100644 30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/countries.py
 create mode 100644 30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/countries_data.py

diff --git a/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/01_func_sup.py b/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/01_func_sup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ef2c77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/01_func_sup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+"""
+01_func_sup.py
+"""
+
+
+# Ejercicios: Nivel 1
+
+
+# 1. Explica la diferencia entre map, filter y reduce.
+
+# map, filter y reduce son funciones integradas en Python
+# que se utilizan para procesar y transformar datos.
+
+# map toma una función y una secuencia
+# y aplica la función a cada elemento de la secuencia,
+# devolviendo una nueva secuencia con los resultados.
+
+# filter toma una función y una secuencia
+# y devuelve una nueva secuencia
+# que contiene solo los elementos de la secuencia original
+# para los cuales la función devuelve True.
+
+# reduce toma una función y una secuencia
+# y aplica la función a los elementos de la secuencia
+# de izquierda a derecha, reduciendo la secuencia a un solo valor.
+
+
+# 2. Explica la diferencia entre función
+# de orden superior, cierre y decorador.
+
+# Una función de orden superior es una función
+# que toma una o más funciones como argumentos
+# y/o devuelve una función como resultado.
+
+# Un cierre es una función
+# que recuerda el estado
+# de su entorno léxico cuando se define
+# y puede acceder a ese estado
+# incluso cuando se llama en un entorno diferente.
+
+# Un decorador es una función
+# que toma otra función
+# y extiende o modifica su comportamiento
+# sin cambiar su código fuente.
+
+
+# 3. Define una función de llamada antes de map, filter o reduce,
+# mira los ejemplos.
+
+# map
+from functools import reduce
+
+
+def double(x):
+    return x * 2
+
+
+numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+doubled_numbers = list(map(double, numbers))
+
+print(doubled_numbers)
+
+
+# filter
+def is_even(x):
+    return x % 2 == 0
+
+
+even_numbers = list(filter(is_even, numbers))
+
+print(even_numbers)
+
+# reduce
+
+
+def add(x, y):
+    return x + y
+
+
+sum = reduce(add, numbers)
+
+print(sum)
+
+
+# 4. Usa un bucle for para imprimir cada país
+# en la lista de países.
+
+countries = ["Spain", "France", "Germany", "Italy"]
+
+for country in countries:
+    print(country)
+
+# 5. Usa un bucle for para imprimir cada nombre
+# en la lista de nombres.
+
+names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "David"]
+
+for name in names:
+    print(name)
+
+# 6. Usa un bucle for para imprimir cada número
+# en la lista de números.
+
+for number in numbers:
+    print(number)
diff --git a/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/02_func_sup.py b/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/02_func_sup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e66b2be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/02_func_sup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+"""
+02_func_sup.py
+"""
+from functools import reduce
+import countries
+# Ejercicios: Nivel 2
+
+
+# 1. Usa map para crear una nueva lista
+# cambiando cada país a mayúsculas
+# en la lista de países.
+
+
+upper_countries = list(map(str.upper, countries.countries))
+
+print(upper_countries)
+
+print()
+
+# 2. Usa map para crear una nueva lista
+# cambiando cada número por su cuadrado
+# en la lista de números.
+
+numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+squared_numbers = list(map(lambda x: x ** 2, numbers))
+
+print(squared_numbers)
+
+print()
+
+# 3. Usa map para cambiar
+# cada nombre a mayúsculas
+# en la lista de nombres.
+
+names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "David"]
+upper_names = list(map(str.upper, names))
+
+print(upper_names)
+
+print()
+
+# 4. Usa filter para filtrar
+# los países que contengan 'land'.
+
+land_countries = list(filter(lambda x: "land" in x, countries.countries))
+
+print(land_countries)
+
+print()
+
+# 5. Usa filter para filtrar los países
+# que tengan exactamente seis caracteres.
+
+six_letter_countries = list(filter(lambda x: len(x) == 6, countries.countries))
+
+print(six_letter_countries)
+
+print()
+
+# 6. Usa filter para filtrar los países
+# que contengan seis letras
+# o más en la lista de países.
+
+long_countries = list(filter(lambda x: len(x) >= 6, countries.countries))
+
+print(long_countries)
+
+print()
+
+# 7. Usa filter para filtrar los países
+# que comiencen con 'E'.
+
+e_countries = list(filter(lambda x: x.startswith("E"), countries.countries))
+
+print(e_countries)
+
+print()
+
+# 8. Encadena dos o más iteradores de lista
+# (por ejemplo,
+# arr.map(callback).filter(callback).reduce(callback)).
+
+numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+result = list(map(lambda x: x ** 2, filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)))
+
+print(result)
+
+print()
+
+# 9. Declara una función llamada get_string_lists
+# que tome una lista como parámetro
+# y luego devuelva una lista que contenga
+# solo elementos de tipo cadena.
+
+
+def get_string_lists(lst):
+    return list(filter(lambda x: isinstance(x, str), lst))
+
+
+mixed_list = [1, "hello", 2, "world", 3]
+string_list = get_string_lists(mixed_list)
+
+print(string_list)
+
+print()
+
+# 10. Usa reduce para sumar todos los números
+# en la lista de números.
+
+
+numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+sum = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, numbers)
+
+print(sum)
+
+print()
+
+# 11. Usa reduce para concatenar todos los países
+# y producir la siguiente oración:
+# Estonia, Finlandia, Suecia, Dinamarca, Noruega e Islandia son países del norte de Europa.
+
+sentence = reduce(lambda x, y: x + ", " + y, countries.countries)
+
+print(sentence + " son países del norte de Europa.")
+
+print()
+
+# 12. Declara una función llamada categorize_countries
+# que devuelva una lista de países
+# con algún patrón común de countries.py
+
+
+def categorize_countries():
+    patterns = ["land", "ia", "island", "stan"]
+    categorized_countries = []
+    for pattern in patterns:
+        matching_countries = list(
+            filter(lambda x: pattern in x.lower(), countries.countries))
+        categorized_countries.append(matching_countries)
+
+    return categorized_countries
+
+
+print(categorize_countries())
+
+print()
+
+# 13. Crea una función que devuelva un diccionario,
+# donde las claves sean las letras iniciales de los países
+# y los valores sean la cantidad de nombres de países
+# que comienzan con esa letra.
+
+
+def count_countries_by_initial():
+    counts = {}
+    for country in countries.countries:
+        initial = country[0]
+        if initial in counts:
+            counts[initial] += 1
+        else:
+            counts[initial] = 1
+    return counts
+
+
+print(count_countries_by_initial())
+
+print()
+
+# 14. Declara una función llamada get_first_ten_countries
+# que devuelva una lista de los primeros diez países
+# de la lista de países.
+
+
+def get_first_ten_countries():
+
+    return countries.countries[:10]
+
+
+print(get_first_ten_countries())
+
+print()
+
+# 15. Declara una función llamada get_last_ten_countries
+# que devuelva los últimos diez países
+# en la lista de países.
+
+
+def get_last_ten_countries():
+
+    return countries.countries[-10:]
+
+
+print(get_last_ten_countries())
+
+print()
diff --git a/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/03_func_sup.py b/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/03_func_sup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90681e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/03_func_sup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+"""
+03_func_sup.py
+"""
+import countries_data
+from collections import Counter
+
+# Ejercicios: Nivel 3
+
+# 1. Usa el archivo [countries_data.py](https://github.com/Asabeneh/30-Days-Of-Python/blob/master/data/countries-data.py) y sigue las siguientes tareas:
+# - Ordena los países por nombre, capital y población.
+
+sorted_by_name = sorted(countries_data.countries,
+                        key=lambda country: country['name'])
+
+sorted_by_capital = sorted(
+    countries_data.countries,
+    key=lambda country: country['capital']
+)
+
+sorted_by_population = sorted(
+    countries_data.countries,
+    key=lambda country: country['population'],
+    reverse=True
+)
+
+# Filtra los diez idiomas más hablados por ubicación
+
+all_languages = []
+for country in countries_data.countries:
+    all_languages.extend(country['languages'])
+
+# Calcula las frecuencias de cada idioma
+language_counts = Counter(all_languages)
+
+# Obtiene los diez idiomas más hablados
+top_10_languages = language_counts.most_common(10)
+
+# Filtra los diez países más poblados
+top_10_population = sorted(
+    countries_data.countries, key=lambda country: country['population'], reverse=True)[:10]
+
+# Imprime los resultados
+print("## Países ordenados por nombre:")
+for country in sorted_by_name:
+    print(country['name'])
+
+print("\n## Países ordenados por capital:")
+for country in sorted_by_capital:
+    print(country['name'], "-", country['capital'])
+
+print("\n## Países ordenados por población:")
+for country in sorted_by_population:
+    print(country['name'], "-", country['population'])
+
+print("\n## Los diez idiomas más hablados por ubicación:")
+for language, count in top_10_languages:
+    print(language, "-", count)
+
+print("\n## Los diez países más poblados:")
+for country in top_10_population:
+    print(country['name'], "-", country['population'])
diff --git a/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/README.md b/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/README.md
index 7c896c5..1ff0120 100644
--- a/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/README.md
+++ b/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/README.md
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
 5. Usa un bucle for para imprimir cada nombre en la lista de nombres.
 6. Usa un bucle for para imprimir cada número en la lista de números.
 
+[Solución](01_func_sup.py)
+
 ### Ejercicios: Nivel 2
 
 1. Usa map para crear una nueva lista cambiando cada país a mayúsculas en la lista de países.
@@ -37,6 +39,8 @@ numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
 14. Declara una función llamada get_first_ten_countries que devuelva una lista de los primeros diez países de la lista de países.
 15. Declara una función llamada get_last_ten_countries que devuelva los últimos diez países en la lista de países.
 
+[Solución](02_func_sup.py)
+
 ### Ejercicios: Nivel 3
 
 1. Usa el archivo [countries_data.py](https://github.com/Asabeneh/30-Days-Of-Python/blob/master/data/countries-data.py) y sigue las siguientes tareas:
@@ -44,4 +48,6 @@ numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
 - Filtra los diez idiomas más hablados por ubicación.
 - Filtra los diez países más poblados.
 
+[Solución](03_func_sup.py)
+
 [<< Day 13](../13_Comprensión_de_listas/README.md) | [Day 15 >>](../15_Errores_de_tipo_en_Python/README.md)
diff --git a/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/countries.py b/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/countries.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31a3500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/countries.py
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+countries = [
+    'Afghanistan',
+    'Albania',
+    'Algeria',
+    'Andorra',
+    'Angola',
+    'Antigua and Barbuda',
+    'Argentina',
+    'Armenia',
+    'Australia',
+    'Austria',
+    'Azerbaijan',
+    'Bahamas',
+    'Bahrain',
+    'Bangladesh',
+    'Barbados',
+    'Belarus',
+    'Belgium',
+    'Belize',
+    'Benin',
+    'Bhutan',
+    'Bolivia',
+    'Bosnia and Herzegovina',
+    'Botswana',
+    'Brazil',
+    'Brunei',
+    'Bulgaria',
+    'Burkina Faso',
+    'Burundi',
+    'Cambodia',
+    'Cameroon',
+    'Canada',
+    'Cape Verde',
+    'Central African Republic',
+    'Chad',
+    'Chile',
+    'China',
+    'Colombi',
+    'Comoros',
+    'Congo (Brazzaville)',
+    'Congo',
+    'Costa Rica',
+    "Cote d'Ivoire",
+    'Croatia',
+    'Cuba',
+    'Cyprus',
+    'Czech Republic',
+    'Denmark',
+    'Djibouti',
+    'Dominica',
+    'Dominican Republic',
+    'East Timor (Timor Timur)',
+    'Ecuador',
+    'Egypt',
+    'El Salvador',
+    'Equatorial Guinea',
+    'Eritrea',
+    'Estonia',
+    'Ethiopia',
+    'Fiji',
+    'Finland',
+    'France',
+    'Gabon',
+    'Gambia, The',
+    'Georgia',
+    'Germany',
+    'Ghana',
+    'Greece',
+    'Grenada',
+    'Guatemala',
+    'Guinea',
+    'Guinea-Bissau',
+    'Guyana',
+    'Haiti',
+    'Honduras',
+    'Hungary',
+    'Iceland',
+    'India',
+    'Indonesia',
+    'Iran',
+    'Iraq',
+    'Ireland',
+    'Israel',
+    'Italy',
+    'Jamaica',
+    'Japan',
+    'Jordan',
+    'Kazakhstan',
+    'Kenya',
+    'Kiribati',
+    'Korea, North',
+    'Korea, South',
+    'Kuwait',
+    'Kyrgyzstan',
+    'Laos',
+    'Latvia',
+    'Lebanon',
+    'Lesotho',
+    'Liberia',
+    'Libya',
+    'Liechtenstein',
+    'Lithuania',
+    'Luxembourg',
+    'Macedonia',
+    'Madagascar',
+    'Malawi',
+    'Malaysia',
+    'Maldives',
+    'Mali',
+    'Malta',
+    'Marshall Islands',
+    'Mauritania',
+    'Mauritius',
+    'Mexico',
+    'Micronesia',
+    'Moldova',
+    'Monaco',
+    'Mongolia',
+    'Morocco',
+    'Mozambique',
+    'Myanmar',
+    'Namibia',
+    'Nauru',
+    'Nepal',
+    'Netherlands',
+    'New Zealand',
+    'Nicaragua',
+    'Niger',
+    'Nigeria',
+    'Norway',
+    'Oman',
+    'Pakistan',
+    'Palau',
+    'Panama',
+    'Papua New Guinea',
+    'Paraguay',
+    'Peru',
+    'Philippines',
+    'Poland',
+    'Portugal',
+    'Qatar',
+    'Romania',
+    'Russia',
+    'Rwanda',
+    'Saint Kitts and Nevis',
+    'Saint Lucia',
+    'Saint Vincent',
+    'Samoa',
+    'San Marino',
+    'Sao Tome and Principe',
+    'Saudi Arabia',
+    'Senegal',
+    'Serbia and Montenegro',
+    'Seychelles',
+    'Sierra Leone',
+    'Singapore',
+    'Slovakia',
+    'Slovenia',
+    'Solomon Islands',
+    'Somalia',
+    'South Africa',
+    'Spain',
+    'Sri Lanka',
+    'Sudan',
+    'Suriname',
+    'Swaziland',
+    'Sweden',
+    'Switzerland',
+    'Syria',
+    'Taiwan',
+    'Tajikistan',
+    'Tanzania',
+    'Thailand',
+    'Togo',
+    'Tonga',
+    'Trinidad and Tobago',
+    'Tunisia',
+    'Turkey',
+    'Turkmenistan',
+    'Tuvalu',
+    'Uganda',
+    'Ukraine',
+    'United Arab Emirates',
+    'United Kingdom',
+    'United States',
+    'Uruguay',
+    'Uzbekistan',
+    'Vanuatu',
+    'Vatican City',
+    'Venezuela',
+    'Vietnam',
+    'Yemen',
+    'Zambia',
+    'Zimbabwe',
+]
diff --git a/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/countries_data.py b/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/countries_data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3966ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30-days-of-python/14_Funciones_de_orden_superior/countries_data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2620 @@
+countries = [
+    {
+        "name": "Afghanistan",
+        "capital": "Kabul",
+        "languages": [
+            "Pashto",
+            "Uzbek",
+            "Turkmen"
+        ],
+        "population": 27657145,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/afg.svg",
+        "currency": "Afghan afghani"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Åland Islands",
+        "capital": "Mariehamn",
+        "languages": [
+            "Swedish"
+        ],
+        "population": 28875,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ala.svg",
+        "currency": "Euro"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Albania",
+        "capital": "Tirana",
+        "languages": [
+            "Albanian"
+        ],
+        "population": 2886026,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/alb.svg",
+        "currency": "Albanian lek"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Algeria",
+        "capital": "Algiers",
+        "languages": [
+            "Arabic"
+        ],
+        "population": 40400000,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/dza.svg",
+        "currency": "Algerian dinar"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "American Samoa",
+        "capital": "Pago Pago",
+        "languages": [
+            "English",
+            "Samoan"
+        ],
+        "population": 57100,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/asm.svg",
+        "currency": "United State Dollar"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Andorra",
+        "capital": "Andorra la Vella",
+        "languages": [
+            "Catalan"
+        ],
+        "population": 78014,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/and.svg",
+        "currency": "Euro"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Angola",
+        "capital": "Luanda",
+        "languages": [
+            "Portuguese"
+        ],
+        "population": 25868000,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ago.svg",
+        "currency": "Angolan kwanza"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Anguilla",
+        "capital": "The Valley",
+        "languages": [
+            "English"
+        ],
+        "population": 13452,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/aia.svg",
+        "currency": "East Caribbean dollar"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Antarctica",
+        "capital": "",
+        "languages": [
+            "English",
+            "Russian"
+        ],
+        "population": 1000,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ata.svg",
+        "currency": "Australian dollar"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Antigua and Barbuda",
+        "capital": "Saint John's",
+        "languages": [
+            "English"
+        ],
+        "population": 86295,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/atg.svg",
+        "currency": "East Caribbean dollar"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Argentina",
+        "capital": "Buenos Aires",
+        "languages": [
+            "Spanish",
+            "Guaraní"
+        ],
+        "population": 43590400,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/arg.svg",
+        "currency": "Argentine peso"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Armenia",
+        "capital": "Yerevan",
+        "languages": [
+            "Armenian",
+            "Russian"
+        ],
+        "population": 2994400,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/arm.svg",
+        "currency": "Armenian dram"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Aruba",
+        "capital": "Oranjestad",
+        "languages": [
+            "Dutch",
+            "(Eastern) Punjabi"
+        ],
+        "population": 107394,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/abw.svg",
+        "currency": "Aruban florin"
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+        "currency": "Vanuatu vatu"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)",
+        "capital": "Caracas",
+        "languages": [
+            "Spanish"
+        ],
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+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/ven.svg",
+        "currency": "Venezuelan bolívar"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Viet Nam",
+        "capital": "Hanoi",
+        "languages": [
+            "Vietnamese"
+        ],
+        "population": 92700000,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/vnm.svg",
+        "currency": "Vietnamese đồng"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Wallis and Futuna",
+        "capital": "Mata-Utu",
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+            "French"
+        ],
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+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/wlf.svg",
+        "currency": "CFP franc"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Western Sahara",
+        "capital": "El Aaiún",
+        "languages": [
+            "Spanish"
+        ],
+        "population": 510713,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/esh.svg",
+        "currency": "Moroccan dirham"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Yemen",
+        "capital": "Sana'a",
+        "languages": [
+            "Arabic"
+        ],
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+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/yem.svg",
+        "currency": "Yemeni rial"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Zambia",
+        "capital": "Lusaka",
+        "languages": [
+            "English"
+        ],
+        "population": 15933883,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/zmb.svg",
+        "currency": "Zambian kwacha"
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "Zimbabwe",
+        "capital": "Harare",
+        "languages": [
+            "English",
+            "Shona",
+            "Northern Ndebele"
+        ],
+        "population": 14240168,
+        "flag": "https://restcountries.eu/data/zwe.svg",
+        "currency": "Botswana pula"
+    }
+]