Feature/new perl questions and answers (#185)
* New questions and spell check (#181) Added new questions related with KVM, Libvirt and DNF * New perl questions and answers Added some questions and answers in the filehandle and OOP topics.
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README.md
165
README.md
@ -5081,22 +5081,38 @@ my %numbers = (
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<details>
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<summary>How can you access to a hash value, add and delete a key/value pair and modify a hash?</summary><br><b>
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```
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my %numbers = (
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'First' => '1',
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'Second' => '2',
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'Third' => '3'
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);
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```
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- Access:
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print($numbers{'First'});
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- Add:
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$numbers{'Fourth'} = 4;
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- Delete:
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delete $numbers{'Third'};
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- Modify:
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$numbers{'Fifth'} = 6;
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```
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print($numbers{'First'});
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```
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- Add:
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```
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$numbers{'Fourth'} = 4;
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```
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- Delete:
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```
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delete $numbers{'Third'};
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```
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- Modify:
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```
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$numbers{'Fifth'} = 6;
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$numbers{'Fifth'} = 5;
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```
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</b></details>
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@ -5268,8 +5284,52 @@ sub factorial {
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### Perl Files Handle
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<details>
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<summary>Mention the different modes in File Handling</summary><br><b>
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- Read only: `<`
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- Write mode. It creates the file if doesn't exist: `>`
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- Append mode. It creates the file if doesn't exist: `>>`
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- Read and write mode: `+<`
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- Read, clear and write mode. It creates the file if doesn't exist: `+>`
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- Read and append. It creates the file if doesn't exist: `+>>`
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>How to write into a file?</summary><br><b>
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```
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# We can use:
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# '>' Write (it clears a previous content if exists).
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# '>>' Append.
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open(my $fh, '>>', 'file_name.ext') or "Error: file can't be opened";
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print $fh "writing text...\n";
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close($fh);
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```
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>How can you read a file and print every line?</summary><br><b>
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```
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open(my $fh, '<', 'file_to_read.ext') or "Error: file can't be opened";
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my @file = <$fh>;
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foreach my $line (@file) {
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print $line;
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}
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```
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We can use the file handle without assigning it to an array:
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```
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open(my $fh, '<', 'file_to_read.ext') or "Error: file can't be opened";
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foreach my $line (<$fh>) {
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print $line;
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}
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```
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</b></details>
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### Perl OOP
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@ -5291,11 +5351,100 @@ The function os the `bless` function is used to turning a plain data structure i
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Does Perl have inheritance?</summary><br><b>
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<summary>How to create a Perl class? How can you call a method?</summary><br><b>
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- Let's create the package: `Example.pm`
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```
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package Example;
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sub new {
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my $class = shift;
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my $self = {};
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bless $self, $class;
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return $self;
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}
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sub is_working {
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print "Working!";
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}
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1;
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```
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- Now we can instance the `Example` class and call `is_working` method:
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```
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my $e = new Example();
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$e->is_working();
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# Output: Working!
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```
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Does Perl have inheritance? What is the `SUPER` keyword?</summary><br><b>
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Yes, Perl supports inheritance. We can read about it in the official [docs](https://perldoc.perl.org/perlobj#Inheritance).
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We also can read about `SUPER` keyword that is used to call a method from the parent class. It gives an example about how we can apply inheritance.
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Does Perl have polymorphism? What is method overriding?</summary><br><b>
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Yes, it has polymorphism. In fact method overriding is a way to apply it in Perl.
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Method overriding in simple words appears when we have a class with a method that already exist in a parent class.
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Example:
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```
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package A;
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sub new { return bless {}, shift; };
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sub printMethod { print "A\n"; };
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package B;
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use parent -norequire, 'A';
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sub new { return bless {}, shift; };
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sub printMethod { print "B\n"; };
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my $a = A->new();
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my $b = B->new();
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A->new()->printMethod();
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B->new()->printMethod();
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# Output:
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# A
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# B
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```
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>How can you call a method of an inherited class?</summary><br><b>
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```
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# Class `A` with `printA` method.
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package A;
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sub new { return bless {}, shift; };
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sub printA { print "A"; };
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# Class `B` that extends or use the parent class `A`.
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package B;
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use parent -norequire, 'A';
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sub new { return bless {}, shift; };
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# Instance class `B` allows call the inherated method
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my $b = B->new();
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$b->printA();
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```
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</b></details>
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### Perl OS
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