Add 20 new questions
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README.md
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README.md
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:information_source: This repository contains interview questions on various DevOps related topics
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:bar_chart: There are currently **230** questions
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:bar_chart: There are currently **250** questions
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:warning: You don't need to know how to answer all the questions in this repo. DevOps is not about knowing all :)
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<td align="center"><a href="#devops"><img src="images/devops.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="DevOps" /><br /><b>DevOps</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#devops-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub><a href="#devops-advanced">Advanced :star:</a></sub></td>
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<td align="center"><a href="#jenkins"><img src="images/jenkins.png" width="75px;" height="85px;" alt="Jenkins"/><br /><b>Jenkins</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#jenkins-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub><a href="#jenkins-advanced">Advanced :star:</a></sub></td>
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<td align="center"><a href="#aws"><img src="images/aws.png" width="120px;" height="75px;" alt="AWS"/><br /><b>AWS</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#aws-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub></td>
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<td align="center"><a href="#Network"><img src="images/network.png" width="75x;" height="75px;" alt="Network"/><br /><b>Network</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#network-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub></td>
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<td align="center"><a href="#Network"><img src="images/network.png" width="75x;" height="75px;" alt="Network"/><br /><b>Network</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#network-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub><a href="#network-advanced">Advanced :star:</a></sub></td>
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<td align="center"><a href="#linux"><img src="images/linux.png" width="75x;" height="75px;" alt="Linux"/><br /><b>Linux</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#linux-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub><a href="#linux-advanced">Advanced :star:</a></sub></td>
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<td align="center"><a href="#ansible"><img src="images/ansible.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Ansible"/><br /><b>Ansible</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#ansible-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub></td>
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<td align="center"><a href="#terraform"><img src="images/terraform.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Terraform"/><br /><b>Terraform</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#terraform-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub></td>
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@ -277,6 +277,10 @@ Note: cross-dependency is when you have two or more changes to separate projects
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<summary>How to secure Jenkins?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Can you describe some of Jenkins best practices?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<a name="jenkins-advanced"></a>
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#### :star: Advanced
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@ -297,7 +301,7 @@ Note: cross-dependency is when you have two or more changes to separate projects
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What are some of Jenkins limitations?<summary><br><b>
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<summary>What are some of Jenkins limitations?</summary><br><b>
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* Testing cross-dependencies (changes from multiple projects together)
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* Starting builds from any stage (although cloudbees implemented something called checkpoints)
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@ -501,6 +505,35 @@ CSMA/CD algorithm:
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<summary>What is NAT? How it works?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<a name="network-advanced"></a>
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#### :star: Advanced
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<details>
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<summary>Explain Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is link aggregation? Why is it used?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is Asymmetric Routing? How do deal with it?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is GRE? How it works?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Explain OSPF</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Using Hammind code, what would be the code word for the following data word 100111010001101?</summary><br><b>
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00110011110100011101
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</b></details>
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## Linux
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<a name="linux-beginner"></a>
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@ -515,6 +548,7 @@ CSMA/CD algorithm:
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* grep
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* wc
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* touch
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* man
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* df</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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@ -555,6 +589,10 @@ The tasks are stored in a cron file.
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<summary>How to add a new user to the system without providing him the ability to log-in into the system?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>On a system which uses systemd, how would display the logs?</summary>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What commands are you using for troubleshooting issues? specifically:
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@ -700,6 +738,10 @@ SIGKILL - a signal which cannot caught or ignored
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To view all available signals run `kill -l`
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What happens when you press ctrl + c?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What are daemons?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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@ -714,6 +756,10 @@ Terminated
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Zombie
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is a zombie process? How do you get rid of it?</summary>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is the init process?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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@ -746,7 +792,7 @@ You can use the <code>split</code> command this way: <code>split -l 25 some_file
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<details>
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<summary>What is a file descriptor? What file descriptors are you familiar with?</summary><br><b>
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Kerberos
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File descriptor, also known as file handler, is a unique number which identifies an open file in the operating system.
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In Linux (and Unix) the first three file descriptors are:
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@ -776,6 +822,10 @@ related to the file like its size, owner, permissions, etc.
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<summary>What is SELiunx?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is Kerberos?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is nftables?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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@ -784,6 +834,16 @@ related to the file like its size, owner, permissions, etc.
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<summary>What firewalld daemon is responsible for?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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##### Network
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<details>
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<summary>How can you turn your Linux server into a router?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is the routing table? How do you view it?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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##### DNS
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<details>
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<summary>How processes are being created?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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##### Network
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<details>
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<summary>When you run <code>ip a</code> you see there is a device called 'lo'. What is it and why do we need it?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is the routing table? How do you view it?</summary><br><b>
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<summary>What is network bonding? What types are you familiar with?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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@ -880,6 +942,9 @@ This is a good article about the topic: https://ops.tips/blog/how-linux-creates-
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## Ansible
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<a name="ansible-beginner"></a>
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#### :baby: Beginner
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<details>
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<summary>Describe each of the following components in Ansible, including the relationship between them:
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Role – Ansible roles allows you to group resources based on certain functionality/service such that they can be easily reused. In a role, you have directories for variables, defaults, files, templates, handlers, tasks, and metadata. You can then use the role by simply specifying it in your playbook.
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What are some of Ansible best practices?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is an inventory file and how you define one?</summary><br><b>
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You use it this way: <code>variable “my_var” {}</code>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Give an example of several Terraform best practices</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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## Docker
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@ -1300,6 +1373,10 @@ Shortest way is: <code>my_string[::-1]</code> but it doesn't mean it's the most
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<summary>Explain what is GIL</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is a generator? Why using generators?</summary>
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</b></details>
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<a name="python-advanced"></a>
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#### :star: Advanced
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<summary>Explain Descriptors</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>You create a web page where a user can upload a document. But the function which reads the uploaded files, runs for a long time, based on the document size. How can you overcome this?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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## Prometheus
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<details>
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<summary>Describe the following Prometheus components:
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- Prometheus server
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- Push Gateway
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- Alert Manager</summary><br><b>
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* Prometheus server
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* Push Gateway
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* Alert Manager</summary><br><b>
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Prometheus server responsible for scraping the storing the data<br>
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Push gateway is used for short-lived jobs<br>
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@ -1601,6 +1683,9 @@ Depends on the language and settings used but in Bash for example, by default th
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<summary>How do you check variable length?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is the difference between single and double quotes?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<a name="shell-scripting-advanced"></a>
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#### Advanced
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@ -1613,6 +1698,18 @@ Depends on the language and settings used but in Bash for example, by default th
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</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Can you give an example to some Bash best practices?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is the ternary operator? How do you use it in bash?</summary><br><b>
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A short way of using if/else. An example:
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[[ $a = 1 ]] && b="yes, equal" || b="nope"
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</b></details>
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## Scenarios
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Scenarios are questions which don't have verbal answer and require you one of the following:
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