800 questions milestone
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README.md
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README.md
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:information_source: This repository contains questions on various DevOps and SRE related topics
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:bar_chart: There are currently **786** questions
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:books: To learn more about DevOps check the resources in [DevOpsBit.com](https://devopsbit.com)
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:bar_chart: There are currently **800** questions
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:warning: The purpose of this repo is to help you test your knowledge and prepare for interviews. It doesn't represents a DevOps interview. Please read [Q&A](common-qa.md) for more details
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@ -888,6 +886,10 @@ CSMA/CD algorithm:
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* hub</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>How does a router works?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is NAT?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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@ -1169,8 +1171,6 @@ systemd has many features such as user processes control/tracking, snapshot supp
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If we visualize the unix/linux system in layers, systemd would fall directly after the linux kernel.
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Hardware -> Kernel -> <u>Daemons</u>, System Libraries, Server Display.
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</b>
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</details>
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@ -1188,7 +1188,7 @@ Hardware -> Kernel -> <u>Daemons</u>, System Libraries, Server Display.
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<summary>How do you kill a process in D state?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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##### Debugging
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##### Debugging (Beginner)
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<details>
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<summary>What are you using for troubleshooting and debugging <b>network</b> issues?</summary><br><b>
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@ -1223,11 +1223,16 @@ Hardware -> Kernel -> <u>Daemons</u>, System Libraries, Server Display.
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>You get a call saying "my system is slow" - how would you deal with it?</summary><br><b>
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<summary>You get a call from someone claiming "my system is SLOW". What do yo do?</summary><br><b>
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1. Check with <code>top</code> if anything consumes your CPU or RAM.
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2. Run <code>dstat -t</code> to check if it's related to disk or network.
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3. Check I/O stats with <code>iostat</code>
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* Check with `top` for anything unusual
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* Run `dstat -t` to check if it's related to disk or network.
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* Check if it's network related with `sar`
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* Check I/O stats with `iostat`
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Explain iostat output</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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@ -1238,10 +1243,20 @@ Hardware -> Kernel -> <u>Daemons</u>, System Libraries, Server Display.
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<summary>What kind of information one can find in /proc?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is the difference between CPU load and utilization?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>How you measure time execution of a program?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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#### Kernel
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<details>
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<summary>How do you find out which Kernel version your system is using?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is a Linux kernel module and how do you load a new module?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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@ -1309,7 +1324,7 @@ Each number has different meaning, based on how the application was developed.
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I consider this as a good blog post to read more about it: https://shapeshed.com/unix-exit-codes
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</b></details>
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##### Storage & Filesystem
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##### Storage & Filesystem (Beginner)
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<details>
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<summary>What's an inode?</summary><br><b>
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@ -1621,6 +1636,17 @@ This is a great article on the topic: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/file
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<summary>What is a network namespace? What is it used for?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>How to check if a certain port is being used?</summary><br><b>
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One of the following would work:
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```
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netstat -tnlp | grep <port_number>
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lsof -i -n -P | grep <port_number>
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```
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>How can you turn your Linux server into a router?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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@ -1629,6 +1655,12 @@ This is a great article on the topic: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/file
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<summary>What is a virtual IP? In what situation would you use it?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Can you have more than one default gateway in a given system?</summary><br><b>
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Technically, yes.
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Which port is used in each of the following protocols?:
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@ -1808,7 +1840,11 @@ If wait is not used by a parent process then a child process might become a zomb
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What happens when you execute <code>ls</code>?. Provide a detailed answer</summary><br><b>
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<summary>What happens when you execute <code>ls</code>?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What happens when you execute <code>ls -l *.log</code>?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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#### Linux Filesystem & Files
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@ -1862,7 +1898,7 @@ These system calls are reading the file <code>/my/file</code> and 5 is the file
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What <code>traceroute</code> command does? How it works?</summary><br><b>
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<summary>What the <code>traceroute</code> command does? How does it works?</summary><br><b>
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Another common way to task this questions is "what part of the tcp header does traceroute modify?"
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</b></details>
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@ -2031,11 +2067,17 @@ Role – Ansible roles allows you to group resources based on certain functional
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Which Ansible best practices are you familiar with?. Name at least three</summary><br><b>
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<summary>How Ansible is different from other Automation tools?</summary><br><b>
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Ansible is:
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* Agent-less
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* Minimal run requirements (Python & SSH) and simple to use
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* Default mode is "push" (it supports also pull)
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is an inventory file and how you define one?</summary><br><b>
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<summary>What is an inventory file and how do you define one?</summary><br><b>
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An inventory file defines hosts and/or groups of hosts on which Ansible tasks executed upon.
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@ -2092,6 +2134,10 @@ spun up and shut down, without you tracking every change in these sources.
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When given a written code, always inspect it thoroughly. If your answer is “this will fail” then you are right. We are using a fact (ansible_hostname), which is a gathered piece of information from the host we are running on. But in this case, we disabled facts gathering (gather_facts: no) so the variable would be undefined which will result in failure.
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Which Ansible best practices are you familiar with?. Name at least three</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Write a playbook to install ‘zlib’ and ‘vim’ on all hosts if the file ‘/tmp/mario’ exists on the system.</summary><br><b>
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@ -2185,7 +2231,6 @@ A full list can be found at the link above. Also, note there is a significant di
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<summary>What is ansible-pull? How it’s different compared to ansible-playbook?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<a name="ansible-advanced"></a>
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#### :star: Advanced
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@ -2638,6 +2683,14 @@ Statements are instructions executed by the interpreter like variable assignment
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<summary>What is Object Oriented Programming? Why is it important?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Are you familiar with SOLID design principals?</summary><br><b>
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SOLID design principals are about:
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* Make it easier to extend functionality
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What are the four pillars of object oriented programming?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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@ -3383,6 +3436,10 @@ Detailed answer can be found here: http://codingshell.com/python-all-string-perm
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<summary>Count the number of spaces in a string</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Given a string, find the N most repeated words</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>Given the string (which represents a matrix) "1 2 3\n4 5 6\n7 8 9" create rows and colums variables (should contain integers, not strings)</summary><br><b>
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@ -3602,12 +3659,20 @@ What would be the result of is_int(2) and is_int(False)?
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<summary>Implement Hash table in Python</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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##### Tests
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##### Python Testing
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<details>
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<summary>What is your experience with writing tests in Python?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>How would you check if two strings are equal? What about booleans?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>How to test if an exception was raised?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What <code>assert</code> does in Python?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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@ -5529,6 +5594,20 @@ TODO: explain what is actually a Cookie
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<summary>What is faster than RAM?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is your favorite protocol?</summary><br><b>
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SSH
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HTTP
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DHCP
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DNS
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...
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is Cache API?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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<details>
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<summary>What is the C10K problem? Is it relevant today?</summary><br><b>
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@ -5640,6 +5719,12 @@ You can use and elaborate on one or all of the following:
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* Creativity (be able to support it with some actual examples)
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</b></details>
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#### Team Lead
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<details>
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<summary>How would you improve productivity in your team?</summary><br><b>
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</b></details>
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## Questions you CAN ask
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<a name="questions-you-ask"></a>
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