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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
:information_source:  This repo contains questions and exercises on various technical topics, sometimes related to DevOps and SRE :)
:bar_chart:  There are currently **1185** questions
:bar_chart:  There are currently **1203** questions
:busts_in_silhouette:  [Join](https://www.facebook.com/groups/538897960007080) our [Facebook group](https://www.facebook.com/groups/538897960007080) or follow us on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/devopsbit) for additional daily exercises, articles and more resources on DevOps
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<td align="center"><a href="#devops"><img src="images/devops.png" width="70px;" height="75px;" alt="DevOps" /><br /><b>DevOps</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#devops-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub><a href="#devops-advanced">Advanced :star:</a></sub></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#jenkins"><img src="images/jenkins.png" width="85px;" height="85px;" alt="Jenkins"/><br /><b>Jenkins</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#jenkins-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub><a href="#jenkins-advanced">Advanced :star:</a></sub></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#git"><img src="images/git.png" width="80px;" height="75px;" alt="Git"/><br /><b>Git</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#git-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub><a href="#git-advanced">Advanced :star:</a></sub></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#ansible"><img src="images/ansible.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Ansible"/><br /><b>Ansible</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#ansible-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub><a href="#ansible-advanced">Advanced :star:</a></sub></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#ansible"><img src="images/ansible.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="ansible"/><br /><b>Ansible</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#Network"><img src="images/network.png" width="80x;" height="75px;" alt="Network"/><br /><b>Network</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#network-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub><a href="#network-advanced">Advanced :star:</a></sub></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#linux"><img src="images/linux.png" width="75x;" height="75px;" alt="Linux"/><br /><b>Linux</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#linux-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub><a href="#linux-advanced">Advanced :star:</a></sub></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#terraform"><img src="images/terraform.png" width="70px;" height="75px;" alt="Terraform"/><br /><b>Terraform</b></a><br /><sub><a href="#terraform-beginner">Beginner :baby:</a></sub><br><sub><a href="#terraform-advanced">Advanced :star:</a></sub></td>
@ -729,6 +729,14 @@ Amazon definition: "Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR) is a fully-managed D
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/ecr)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Fargate?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS Fargate is a serverless compute engine for containers that works with both Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) and Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/fargate)
</b></details>
#### AWS Storage
<details>
@ -923,12 +931,6 @@ Lowest - Multi-site
Highest - The cold method
</b></details>
#### AWS CloudFormation
<details>
<summary>Explain what is CloudFormation</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
#### AWS CloudFront
<details>
@ -1061,6 +1063,14 @@ AWS definition: "AWS Shield is a managed Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) pr
<summary>What is the difference between Site-to-Site VPN and Client VPN?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS CloudHSM?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS CloudHSM is a cloud-based hardware security module (HSM) that enables you to easily generate and use your own encryption keys on the AWS Cloud."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/cloudhsm)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>True or False? AWS Inspector can perform both network and host assessments</summary><br><b>
@ -1094,15 +1104,21 @@ False.
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Config?</summary><br><b>
<summary>True or False? AWS Access Key is a type of MFA device used for AWS resources protection</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS Config is a service that enables you to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of your AWS resources."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/config)
False. Security key is an example of an MFA device.
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS CM?</summary><br><b>
<summary>What is Amazon Cognito?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "Amazon Cognito handles user authentication and authorization for your web and mobile apps."
Learn more [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/index.html)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS ACM?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS Certificate Manager is a service that lets you easily provision, manage, and deploy public and private Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) certificates for use with AWS services and your internal connected resources."
@ -1119,6 +1135,30 @@ Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/certificate-manager)
<summary>What is AWS DynamoDB?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain "Point-in-Time Recovery" feature in DynamoDB</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "You can create on-demand backups of your Amazon DynamoDB tables, or you can enable continuous backups using point-in-time recovery. For more information about on-demand backups, see On-Demand Backup and Restore for DynamoDB."
Learn more [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/PointInTimeRecovery.html)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain "Global Tables" in DynamoDB</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "A global table is a collection of one or more replica tables, all owned by a single AWS account."
Learn more [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/V2globaltables_HowItWorks.html)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is DynamoDB Accelerator?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) is a fully managed, highly available, in-memory cache for DynamoDB that delivers up to a 10x performance improvement – from milliseconds to microseconds..."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/dax)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Redshift and how is it different than RDS?</summary><br><b>
@ -1148,6 +1188,14 @@ A MySQL & Postgresql based relational database. Also, the default database propo
Great for use cases like two-tier web applications that has a MySQL or Postgresql database layer and you need automated backups for your application.
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is Amazon DocumentDB?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility) is a fast, scalable, highly available, and fully managed document database service that supports MongoDB workloads. As a document database, Amazon DocumentDB makes it easy to store, query, and index JSON data."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/documentdb)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What "AWS Database Migration Service" is used for?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
@ -1232,6 +1280,12 @@ Allows you to connect your corporate network to AWS network.
#### Identify the service or tool
<details>
<summary>What would you use for automating code/software deployments?</summary><br><b>
AWS CodeDeploy
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What would you use for easily creating similar AWS environments/resources for different customers?</summary><br><b>
@ -1311,7 +1365,7 @@ AWS Rekognition
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Which service would you use for debugging a performance issue with in-development app?</summary><br><b>
<summary>Which service would you use for debugging and improving performances issues with your applications?</summary><br><b>
AWS X-Ray
</b></details>
@ -1364,6 +1418,18 @@ AWS Inspector
Route 53
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What would you use if you need a fully managed document database?</summary><br><b>
Amazon DocumentDB
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Which service would you use to add access control (or sign-up, sign-in forms) to your web/mobile apps?</summary><br><b>
AWS Cognito
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Which service would you use if you need messaging queue?</summary><br><b>
@ -1493,6 +1559,10 @@ More on AWS pricing model [here](https://aws.amazon.com/pricing)
<summary>How are EC2 instances billed?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What AWS Pricing Calculator is used for?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is Amazon Connect?</summary><br><b>
@ -1532,6 +1602,20 @@ True. You pay differently based on the chosen region.
AWS Definition: "AWS Infrastructure Event Management is a structured program available to Enterprise Support customers (and Business Support customers for an additional fee) that helps you plan for large-scale events such as product or application launches, infrastructure migrations, and marketing events."
</b></details>
#### AWS Automation
<details>
<summary>What is AWS CodeDeploy?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS CodeDeploy is a fully managed deployment service that automates software deployments to a variety of compute services such as Amazon EC2, AWS Fargate, AWS Lambda, and your on-premises servers."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/codedeploy)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain what is CloudFormation</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
#### AWS Misc
<details>
@ -1552,6 +1636,30 @@ AWS definition: "Amazon Rekognition makes it easy to add image and video analysi
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/rekognition)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What AWS Resource Groups used for?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "You can use resource groups to organize your AWS resources. Resource groups make it easier to manage and automate tasks on large numbers of resources at one time. "
Learn more [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ARG/latest/userguide/welcome.html)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Global Accelerator?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS Global Accelerator is a service that improves the availability and performance of your applications with local or global users..."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/global-accelerator)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Config?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS Config is a service that enables you to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of your AWS resources."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/config)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS X-Ray?</summary><br><b>
@ -1559,6 +1667,14 @@ AWS definition: "AWS X-Ray helps developers analyze and debug production, distri
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/xray)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS OpsWorks?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS OpsWorks is a configuration management service that provides managed instances of Chef and Puppet."
Learn more about it [here](https://aws.amazon.com/opsworks)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Athena?</summary><br><b>
@ -1567,6 +1683,14 @@ Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/xray)
Learn more about AWS Athena [here](https://aws.amazon.com/athena)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is Amazon Cloud Directory?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "Amazon Cloud Directory is a highly available multi-tenant directory-based store in AWS. These directories scale automatically to hundreds of millions of objects as needed for applications."
Learn more [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/clouddirectory/latest/developerguide/what_is_cloud_directory.html)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Elastic Beanstalk?</summary><br><b>
@ -3338,9 +3462,6 @@ It's used by one entity until this entity decides to get rid of it. Take for exa
## Ansible
<a name="ansible-beginner"></a>
#### :baby: Beginner
<details>
<summary>Describe each of the following components in Ansible, including the relationship between them:
@ -3605,9 +3726,6 @@ A full list can be found at the link above. Also, note there is a significant di
</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<a name="ansible-advanced"></a>
#### :star: Advanced
<details>
<summary>What are filters? Do you have experience with writing filters?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
@ -3629,6 +3747,10 @@ def cap(self, string):
<summary>What are callback plugins? What can you achieve by using callback plugins?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is Ansible Collections?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>File '/tmp/exercise' includes the following content

166
certificates/cloud-practitioner.md
View File

@ -210,6 +210,14 @@ Amazon definition: "Amazon Elastic Container Registry (ECR) is a fully-managed D
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/ecr)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Fargate?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS Fargate is a serverless compute engine for containers that works with both Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) and Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/fargate)
</b></details>
#### AWS Storage
<details>
@ -588,6 +596,14 @@ AWS definition: "AWS Shield is a managed Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) pr
<summary>What is the difference between Site-to-Site VPN and Client VPN?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS CloudHSM?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS CloudHSM is a cloud-based hardware security module (HSM) that enables you to easily generate and use your own encryption keys on the AWS Cloud."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/cloudhsm)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>True or False? AWS Inspector can perform both network and host assessments</summary><br><b>
@ -621,15 +637,21 @@ False.
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Config?</summary><br><b>
<summary>True or False? AWS Access Key is a type of MFA device used for AWS resources protection</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS Config is a service that enables you to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of your AWS resources."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/config)
False. Security key is an example of an MFA device.
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS CM?</summary><br><b>
<summary>What is Amazon Cognito?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "Amazon Cognito handles user authentication and authorization for your web and mobile apps."
Learn more [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/index.html)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS ACM?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS Certificate Manager is a service that lets you easily provision, manage, and deploy public and private Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) certificates for use with AWS services and your internal connected resources."
@ -646,6 +668,30 @@ Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/certificate-manager)
<summary>What is AWS DynamoDB?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain "Point-in-Time Recovery" feature in DynamoDB</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "You can create on-demand backups of your Amazon DynamoDB tables, or you can enable continuous backups using point-in-time recovery. For more information about on-demand backups, see On-Demand Backup and Restore for DynamoDB."
Learn more [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/PointInTimeRecovery.html)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain "Global Tables" in DynamoDB</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "A global table is a collection of one or more replica tables, all owned by a single AWS account."
Learn more [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/V2globaltables_HowItWorks.html)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is DynamoDB Accelerator?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) is a fully managed, highly available, in-memory cache for DynamoDB that delivers up to a 10x performance improvement – from milliseconds to microseconds..."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/dax)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Redshift and how is it different than RDS?</summary><br><b>
@ -666,6 +712,18 @@ A MySQL & Postgresql based relational database. Also, the default database propo
Great for use cases like two-tier web applications that has a MySQL or Postgresql database layer and you need automated backups for your application.
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is Amazon DocumentDB?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility) is a fast, scalable, highly available, and fully managed document database service that supports MongoDB workloads. As a document database, Amazon DocumentDB makes it easy to store, query, and index JSON data."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/documentdb)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What "AWS Database Migration Service" is used for?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What type of storage is used by Amazon RDS?</summary><br><b>
@ -707,6 +765,18 @@ False. Charges are being made when the code is executed.
#### Identify the service or tool
<details>
<summary>What would you use for automating code/software deployments?</summary><br><b>
AWS CodeDeploy
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What would you use for easily creating similar AWS environments/resources for different customers?</summary><br><b>
CloudFormation
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Which service would you use for building a website or web application?</summary><br><b>
@ -780,18 +850,11 @@ AWS Rekognition
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Which service would you use for debugging a performance issue with in-development app?</summary><br><b>
<summary>Which service would you use for debugging and improving performances issues with your applications?</summary><br><b>
AWS X-Ray
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS X-Ray?</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "AWS X-Ray helps developers analyze and debug production, distributed applications, such as those built using a microservices architecture."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/xray)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Which service is used for sending notifications?</summary><br><b>
@ -834,6 +897,18 @@ AWS Inspector
Route 53
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What would you use if you need a fully managed document database?</summary><br><b>
Amazon DocumentDB
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Which service would you use to add access control (or sign-up, sign-in forms) to your web/mobile apps?</summary><br><b>
AWS Cognito
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Which service would you use if you need messaging queue?</summary><br><b>
@ -897,6 +972,10 @@ More on AWS pricing model [here](https://aws.amazon.com/pricing)
<summary>How are EC2 instances billed?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What AWS Pricing Calculator is used for?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is Amazon Connect?</summary><br><b>
@ -936,6 +1015,20 @@ True. You pay differently based on the chosen region.
AWS Definition: "AWS Infrastructure Event Management is a structured program available to Enterprise Support customers (and Business Support customers for an additional fee) that helps you plan for large-scale events such as product or application launches, infrastructure migrations, and marketing events."
</b></details>
#### AWS Automation
<details>
<summary>What is AWS CodeDeploy?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS CodeDeploy is a fully managed deployment service that automates software deployments to a variety of compute services such as Amazon EC2, AWS Fargate, AWS Lambda, and your on-premises servers."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/codedeploy)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain what is CloudFormation</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
#### AWS Misc
<details>
@ -952,6 +1045,45 @@ AWS definition: "Amazon Rekognition makes it easy to add image and video analysi
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/rekognition)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What AWS Resource Groups used for?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "You can use resource groups to organize your AWS resources. Resource groups make it easier to manage and automate tasks on large numbers of resources at one time. "
Learn more [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ARG/latest/userguide/welcome.html)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Global Accelerator?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS Global Accelerator is a service that improves the availability and performance of your applications with local or global users..."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/global-accelerator)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Config?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS Config is a service that enables you to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of your AWS resources."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/config)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS X-Ray?</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "AWS X-Ray helps developers analyze and debug production, distributed applications, such as those built using a microservices architecture."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/xray)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS OpsWorks?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "AWS OpsWorks is a configuration management service that provides managed instances of Chef and Puppet."
Learn more about it [here](https://aws.amazon.com/opsworks)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Service Catalog?</summary><br><b>
@ -1017,6 +1149,14 @@ Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/emr)
Learn more about AWS Athena [here](https://aws.amazon.com/athena)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is Amazon Cloud Directory?</summary><br><b>
Amazon definition: "Amazon Cloud Directory is a highly available multi-tenant directory-based store in AWS. These directories scale automatically to hundreds of millions of objects as needed for applications."
Learn more [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/clouddirectory/latest/developerguide/what_is_cloud_directory.html)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Elastic Beanstalk?</summary><br><b>