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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
:information_source:  This repository contains questions on various DevOps and SRE related topics :information_source:  This repository contains questions on various DevOps and SRE related topics
:bar_chart:  There are currently **720** questions :bar_chart:  There are currently **725** questions
:books:  To learn more about DevOps check the resources in [DevOpsBit.com](https://devopsbit.com) :books:  To learn more about DevOps check the resources in [DevOpsBit.com](https://devopsbit.com)
@ -2509,6 +2509,14 @@ Setting the replicas to 0 will shut down the process. Now start it with `kubectl
<summary>What programming language do you prefer to use for DevOps related tasks? Why specifically this one?</summary><br><b> <summary>What programming language do you prefer to use for DevOps related tasks? Why specifically this one?</summary><br><b>
</b></details> </b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain expressions and statements</summary><br><b>
An expression is anything that results in a value (even if the value is None). Basically, any sequence of literals so, you can say that a string, integer, list, ... are all expressions.
Statements are instructions executed by the interpreter like variable assignments, for loops and conditionals (if-else).
</b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>What is Object Oriented Programming? Why is it important?</summary><br><b> <summary>What is Object Oriented Programming? Why is it important?</summary><br><b>
</b></details> </b></details>
@ -2686,10 +2694,6 @@ def my_function():
You can then assign a function to a variables like this `x = my_function` or you can return functions as return values like this `return my_function` You can then assign a function to a variables like this `x = my_function` or you can return functions as return values like this `return my_function`
</b></details> </b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain expressions and statements</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>What is PEP8? Give an example of 3 style guidelines</summary><br><b> <summary>What is PEP8? Give an example of 3 style guidelines</summary><br><b>
@ -2704,6 +2708,13 @@ PEP8 is a list of coding conventions and style guidelines for Python
5. Use 4 spaces per indentation level 5. Use 4 spaces per indentation level
</b></details> </b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is the result of running <code>[] is not []</code>? explain the result</summary><br><b>
It evaluates to True.<br>
The reason is that the two created empty list are different objects. `x is y` only evaluates to true when x and y are the same object.
</b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>Explain inheritance and how to use it in Python</summary><br><b> <summary>Explain inheritance and how to use it in Python</summary><br><b>
@ -2768,16 +2779,13 @@ bruno.bark()
Calling super() calls the Base method, thus, calling super().__init__() we called the Animal __init__. Calling super() calls the Base method, thus, calling super().__init__() we called the Animal __init__.
There is a more advanced python feature called MetaClasses that aid the programmer to directly control class creation. There is a more advanced python feature called MetaClasses that aid the programmer to directly control class creation.
``` ```
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary> What is an error? What is an exception? What types of exceptions are you familiar with?</summary><br><b> <summary> What is an error? What is an exception? What types of exceptions are you familiar with?</summary><br><b>
``` ```
# Note that you generally don't need to know the compiling process but knowing where everything comes from # Note that you generally don't need to know the compiling process but knowing where everything comes from
# and giving complete answers shows that you truly know what you are talking about. # and giving complete answers shows that you truly know what you are talking about.
@ -2834,10 +2842,7 @@ Generally, every compiling process have a two steps.
division(100, 2) division(100, 2)
>>> __main__.DividedBy2Error: I dont want you to divide by 2! >>> __main__.DividedBy2Error: I dont want you to divide by 2!
``` ```
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
@ -2845,7 +2850,11 @@ Generally, every compiling process have a two steps.
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>Explain Exception Handling and how to use it in Python</summary><br><b> <summary>What _ is used for in Python?</summary><br><b>
1. Translation lookup in i18n
2. Hold the result of the last executed expression or statement in the interactive interpreter.
3. As a general purpose "throwaway" variable name. For example: x, y, _ = get_data() (x and y are used but since we don't care about third variable, we "threw it away").
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
@ -2861,11 +2870,10 @@ Generally, every compiling process have a two steps.
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>How to extract the unique characters from a string? for example given the input "itssssssameeeemarioooooo" the output will be "mrtisaoe"</summary><br><b> <summary>How do you swap values between two variables?</summary><br><b>
``` ```
x = "itssssssameeeemarioooooo" x, y = y, x
y = ''.join(set(x))
``` ```
</b></details> </b></details>
@ -2887,23 +2895,12 @@ def return_sum():
``` ```
</b></details> </b></details>
#### Lists
<details> <details>
<summary>How to merge two sorted lists into one sorted list?</summary><br><b> <summary>How to merge two sorted lists into one sorted list?</summary><br><b>
</b></details> </b></details>
<details>
<summary>How to merge two dictionaries?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>How do you swap values between two variables?</summary><br><b>
```
x, y = y, x
```
</b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>How to check if all the elements in a given lists are unique? so [1, 2, 3] is unique but [1, 1, 2, 3] is not unique because 1 exists twice</summary><br><b> <summary>How to check if all the elements in a given lists are unique? so [1, 2, 3] is unique but [1, 1, 2, 3] is not unique because 1 exists twice</summary><br><b>
</b> </b>
@ -2947,23 +2944,37 @@ This one might look more convulated but hey, one liners.
def is_unique4(l:list) -> bool: def is_unique4(l:list) -> bool:
return all(map(lambda x: l.count(x) < 2, l)) return all(map(lambda x: l.count(x) < 2, l))
``` ```
</details> </details>
<details> <details>
<summary>What _ is used for in Python?</summary><br><b> <summary>You have the following function
1. Translation lookup in i18n ```
2. Hold the result of the last executed expression or statement in the interactive interpreter. def my_func(li = []):
3. As a general purpose "throwaway" variable name. For example: x, y, _ = get_data() (x and y are used but since we don't care about third variable, we "threw it away"). li.append("hmm")
print(li)
```
If we call it 3 times, what would be the result each call?
</summary><br><b>
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>How to check how much time it took to execute a certain script or block of code?</summary><br><b> <summary>How to iterate over a list in reverse order?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
#### Dictionaries
<details>
<summary>How to sort a dictionary by values?</summary><br><b>
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>Find all the permutations of a given string</summary><br><b> <summary>How to sort a dictionary by keys?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>How to merge two dictionaries?</summary><br><b>
</b></details> </b></details>
##### Common Algorithms Implementation ##### Common Algorithms Implementation
@ -3050,7 +3061,28 @@ set([food for bro in x for food in bro['food']])
<summary>What is List Comprehension? Is it better than a typical loop? Why? Can you demonstrate how to use it?</summary><br><b> <summary>What is List Comprehension? Is it better than a typical loop? Why? Can you demonstrate how to use it?</summary><br><b>
</b></details> </b></details>
#### Practical #### Strings
<details>
<summary>How to extract the unique characters from a string? for example given the input "itssssssameeeemarioooooo" the output will be "mrtisaoe"</summary><br><b>
```
x = "itssssssameeeemarioooooo"
y = ''.join(set(x))
```
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Find all the permutations of a given string</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>How to check if a string contains a sub string?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Find the frequency of each character in string</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>How to reverse a string? (e.g. pizza -> azzip)</summary><br><b> <summary>How to reverse a string? (e.g. pizza -> azzip)</summary><br><b>
@ -3073,14 +3105,6 @@ def reverse_string(string):
``` ```
</b></details> </b></details>
<details>
<summary>How to sort a dictionary by values?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>How to sort a dictionary by keys?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>Explain data serialization and how do you perform it with Python</summary><br><b> <summary>Explain data serialization and how do you perform it with Python</summary><br><b>
</b></details> </b></details>
@ -3128,12 +3152,18 @@ the_list.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])
* filter()</summary><br><b> * filter()</summary><br><b>
</b></details> </b></details>
#### Debugging
<details> <details>
<summary>How do you debug Python code?</summary><br><b> <summary>How do you debug Python code?</summary><br><b>
pdb :D pdb :D
</b></details> </b></details>
<details>
<summary>How to check how much time it took to execute a certain script or block of code?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>What empty <code>return</code> returns?</summary><br><b> <summary>What empty <code>return</code> returns?</summary><br><b>
</b> </b>
@ -3207,19 +3237,6 @@ for i in range(1,10):
</summary><br><b> </summary><br><b>
</b></details> </b></details>
<details>
<summary>You have the following function
```
def my_func(li = []):
li.append("hmm")
print(li)
```
If we call it 3 times, what would be the result each call?
</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>Given the following function <summary>Given the following function
@ -3692,9 +3709,22 @@ You can use it for example to control endlines in files. In Windows and Unix bas
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>How do you discard local file changes?</summary><br><b> <summary>How do you discard local file changes? (before commit)</summary><br><b>
You can use `git checkout -- <file_name>` `git checkout -- <file_name>`
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>How do you discard local commits?</summary><br><b>
`git reset HEAD~1` for removing last commit
If you would like to also discard the changes you `git reset --hard``
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>True or False? To remove a file from git but not from the filesystem, one should use <code>git rm </code></summary><br><b>
False. If you would like to keep a file on your filesystem, use `git reset <file_name>`
</b></details> </b></details>
<a name="git-advanced"></a> <a name="git-advanced"></a>