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:information_source:  This repo contains questions and exercises on various technical topics, sometimes related to DevOps and SRE :information_source:  This repo contains questions and exercises on various technical topics, sometimes related to DevOps and SRE
:bar_chart:  There are currently **2590** exercises and questions :bar_chart:  There are currently **2500** exercises and questions
:warning:  You can use these for preparing for an interview but most of the questions and exercises don't represent an actual interview. Please read [FAQ page](faq.md) for more details :warning:  You can use these for preparing for an interview but most of the questions and exercises don't represent an actual interview. Please read [FAQ page](faq.md) for more details
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<td align="center"><a href="topics/git/README.md"><img src="images/git.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Git"/><br /><b>Git</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="topics/git/README.md"><img src="images/git.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Git"/><br /><b>Git</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/ansible/README.md"><img src="images/ansible.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="ansible"/><br /><b>Ansible</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="topics/ansible/README.md"><img src="images/ansible.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="ansible"/><br /><b>Ansible</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#network"><img src="images/network.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Network"/><br /><b>Network</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#network"><img src="images/network.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Network"/><br /><b>Network</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/linux/README.md"><img src="images/logos/linux.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Linux"/><br /><b>Linux</b></a></td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/bregman-arie/go-exercises"><img src="images/Go.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="go"/><br /><b>Go</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/bregman-arie/go-exercises"><img src="images/Go.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="go"/><br /><b>Go</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/shell/README.md"><img src="images/bash.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Bash"/><br /><b>Shell Scripting</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="topics/shell/README.md"><img src="images/bash.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Bash"/><br /><b>Shell Scripting</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/kubernetes/README.md"><img src="images/kubernetes.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="kubernetes"/><br /><b>Kubernetes</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="topics/kubernetes/README.md"><img src="images/kubernetes.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="kubernetes"/><br /><b>Kubernetes</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#prometheus"><img src="images/prometheus.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Prometheus"/><br /><b>Prometheus</b></a></td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/cloud/README.md"><img src="images/cloud.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Cloud"/><br /><b>Cloud</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="topics/cloud/README.md"><img src="images/cloud.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Cloud"/><br /><b>Cloud</b></a></td>
@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
<td align="center"><a href="topics/azure/README.md"><img src="images/azure.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="azure"/><br /><b>Azure</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="topics/azure/README.md"><img src="images/azure.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="azure"/><br /><b>Azure</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/gcp/README.md"><img src="images/googlecloud.png" width="70px;" height="70px;" alt="Google Cloud Platform"/><br /><b>Google Cloud Platform</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="topics/gcp/README.md"><img src="images/googlecloud.png" width="70px;" height="70px;" alt="Google Cloud Platform"/><br /><b>Google Cloud Platform</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#openstack"><img src="images/openstack.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="openstack"/><br /><b>OpenStack</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#openstack"><img src="images/openstack.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="openstack"/><br /><b>OpenStack</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/security/README.md"><img src="images/security.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="security"/><br /><b>Security</b></a></td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td align="center"><a href="#operating-system"><img src="images/os.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Operating System"/><br /><b>Operating System</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#operating-system"><img src="images/os.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Operating System"/><br /><b>Operating System</b></a></td>
@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
<td align="center"><a href="#elastic"><img src="images/elastic.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Elastic"/><br /><b>Elastic</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#elastic"><img src="images/elastic.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Elastic"/><br /><b>Elastic</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#virtualization"><img src="images/virtualization.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Virtualization"/><br /><b>Virtualization</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#virtualization"><img src="images/virtualization.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Virtualization"/><br /><b>Virtualization</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/dns/README.md"><img src="images/dns.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="DNS"/><br /><b>DNS</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="topics/dns/README.md"><img src="images/dns.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="DNS"/><br /><b>DNS</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#Misc"><img src="images/general.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Misc"/><br /><b>Misc</b></a></td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td align="center"><a href="#testing"><img src="images/testing.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Testing"/><br /><b>Testing</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#testing"><img src="images/testing.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Testing"/><br /><b>Testing</b></a></td>
@ -54,6 +56,7 @@
<td align="center"><a href="#regex"><img src="images/regex.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="RegEx"/><br /><b>Regex</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#regex"><img src="images/regex.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="RegEx"/><br /><b>Regex</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#system-design"><img src="images/design.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Design"/><br /><b>System Design</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#system-design"><img src="images/design.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Design"/><br /><b>System Design</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#hardware"><img src="images/hardware.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Hardware"/><br /><b>Hardware</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#hardware"><img src="images/hardware.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Hardware"/><br /><b>Hardware</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#big-data"><img src="images/big-data.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Big Data"/><br /><b>Big Data</b></a></td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td align="center"><a href="#certificates"><img src="images/certificates.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Certificates"/><br /><b>Certificates</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#certificates"><img src="images/certificates.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Certificates"/><br /><b>Certificates</b></a></td>
@ -61,6 +64,7 @@
<td align="center"><a href="#sql"><img src="images/sql.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="sql"/><br /><b>SQL</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#sql"><img src="images/sql.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="sql"/><br /><b>SQL</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/openshift/README.md"><img src="images/openshift.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="OpenShift"/><br /><b>OpenShift</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="topics/openshift/README.md"><img src="images/openshift.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="OpenShift"/><br /><b>OpenShift</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#storage"><img src="images/storage.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Storage"/><br /><b>Storage</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#storage"><img src="images/storage.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Storage"/><br /><b>Storage</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/soft_skills/README.md"><img src="images/HR.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="HR"/><br /><b>Soft Skills</b></a></td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/terraform/README.md"><img src="images/terraform.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Terraform"/><br /><b>Terraform</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="topics/terraform/README.md"><img src="images/terraform.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Terraform"/><br /><b>Terraform</b></a></td>
@ -68,26 +72,14 @@
<td align="center"><a href="#puppet"><img src="images/puppet.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="puppet"/><br /><b>Puppet</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#puppet"><img src="images/puppet.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="puppet"/><br /><b>Puppet</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#distributed"><img src="images/distributed.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Distributed"/><br /><b>Distributed</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#distributed"><img src="images/distributed.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Distributed"/><br /><b>Distributed</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#questions-you-ask"><img src="images/you.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="you"/><br /><b>Questions you can ask</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="#questions-you-ask"><img src="images/you.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="you"/><br /><b>Questions you can ask</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/perl/README.md"><img src="images/perl.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="perl"/><br /><b>Perl</b></a></td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/circleci/README.md"><img src="images/logos/circleci.png" width="70px;" height="70px;" alt="Circle CI"/><br /><b>Circle CI</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="topics/circleci/README.md"><img src="images/logos/circleci.png" width="70px;" height="70px;" alt="Circle CI"/><br /><b>Circle CI</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/argo/README.md"><img src="images/logos/argo.png" width="80px;" height="80px;" alt="Argo"/><br /><b>Argo</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="topics/argo/README.md"><img src="images/logos/argo.png" width="80px;" height="80px;" alt="Argo"/><br /><b>Argo</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/kafka/README.md"><img src="images/logos/kafka.png" width="85px;" height="80px;" alt="Kafka"/><br /><b>Kafka</b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="topics/kafka/README.md"><img src="images/logos/kafka.png" width="70px;" height="80px;" alt="Kafka"/><br /><b>Kafka</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/datadog/README.md"><img src="images/logos/datadog.png" width="80px;" height="80px;" alt="DataDog"/><br /><b></b></a></td> <td align="center"><a href="topics/datadog/README.md"><img src="images/logos/datadog.png" width="80px;" height="80px;" alt="DataDog"/><br /><b></b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/perl/README.md"><img src="images/perl.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="perl"/><br /><b>Perl</b></a></td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/linux/README.md"><img src="images/logos/linux.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Linux"/><br /><b>Linux</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#prometheus"><img src="images/prometheus.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Prometheus"/><br /><b>Prometheus</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#big-data"><img src="images/big-data.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Big Data"/><br /><b>Big Data</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/soft_skills/README.md"><img src="images/HR.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="HR"/><br /><b>Soft Skills</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/security/README.md"><img src="images/security.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="security"/><br /><b>Security</b></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="topics/chaos_engineering/README.md"><img src="images/logos/chaos_engineering.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Chaos Engineering"/><br /><b>Chaos Engineering</b></a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="#Misc"><img src="images/general.png" width="75px;" height="75px;" alt="Misc"/><br /><b>Misc</b></a></td>
</tr>
</table> </table>
</center> </center>
<!-- markdownlint-enable --> <!-- markdownlint-enable -->
@ -97,28 +89,35 @@
## Network ## Network
<details> <details>
<summary>In general, what do you need in order to communicate?</summary><br><b> <summary>What do you need in order to communicate?</summary><br><b>
- A common language (for the two ends to understand) - A common language (for the two ends to understand)
- A way to address who do you want to communicate with - A way to address who do you want to communicate with
- A Connection (so the content of the communication can reach the recipients) - A Connection (so the content of the communication can reach the recipients)
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>What is TCP/IP?</summary><br><b> <summary>What is TCP/IP?</summary><br><b>
A set of protocols that define how two or more devices can communicate with each other. A set of protocols that define how two or more devices can communicate with each other.
To learn more about TCP/IP, read [here](http://www.penguintutor.com/linux/basic-network-reference) To learn more about TCP/IP, read [here](http://www.penguintutor.com/linux/basic-network-reference)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is APIPA?</summary><br><b>
APIPA is a set of it addresses that devices are allocated
when the main DHCP server is not reachable
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What ip range does APIPA use?</summary><br><b>
APIPA uses the ip range: 169.254.0.1 - 169.254.255.254.
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>What is Ethernet?</summary><br><b> <summary>What is Ethernet?</summary><br><b>
Ethernet simply refers to the most common type of Local Area Network (LAN) used today. A LAN—in contrast to a WAN (Wide Area Network), which spans a larger geographical area—is a connected network of computers in a small area, like your office, college campus, or even home. Ethernet simply refers to the most common type of Local Area Network (LAN) used today. A LAN—in contrast to a WAN (Wide Area Network), which spans a larger geographical area—is a connected network of computers in a small area, like your office, college campus, or even home.
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
@ -417,22 +416,7 @@ For example, your computer's private IP could be 192.168.1.100, but your router
<summary>Which factors affect network performances</summary><br><b> <summary>Which factors affect network performances</summary><br><b>
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> #### Network - Data and Control planes
<summary>What is APIPA?</summary><br><b>
APIPA is a set of it addresses that devices are allocated
when the main DHCP server is not reachable
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What ip range does APIPA use?</summary><br><b>
APIPA uses the ip range: 169.254.0.1 - 169.254.255.254.
</b></details>
#### Control Plane and Data Plane
<details> <details>
<summary>What "control plane" refers to?</summary><br><b> <summary>What "control plane" refers to?</summary><br><b>
@ -1882,14 +1866,11 @@ A list of services and their endpoints
## Puppet ## Puppet
<details> <details>
<summary>What is Puppet? How does it works?</summary><br><b> <summary>What is Puppet? How does it works?</summary><br><b>
* Puppet is a configuration management tool ensuring that all systems are configured to a desired and predictable state.
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
<summary>Explain Puppet architecture</summary><br><b> <summary>Explain Puppet architecture</summary><br><b>
* Puppet has a primary-secondary node architecture. The clients are distributed across the network and communicate with the primary-secondary environment where Puppet modules are present. The client agent sends a certificate with its ID to the server; the server then signs that certificate and sends it back to the client. This authentication allows for secure and verifiable communication between the client and the master.
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
@ -1901,12 +1882,7 @@ A list of services and their endpoints
* Module * Module
* Manifest * Manifest
* Node * Node</summary><br><b>
</summary><br><b>
* Modules - are a collection of manifests, templates, and files
* Manifests - are the actual codes for configuring the clients
* Node - allows you to assign specific configurations to specific nodes
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
@ -2911,9 +2887,10 @@ Google Drive
<summary>Explain MBR</summary><br><b> <summary>Explain MBR</summary><br><b>
</b></details> </b></details>
<a name="questions-you-ask"></a>
## Questions you CAN ask ## Questions you CAN ask
<a name="questions-you-ask"></a>
A list of questions you as a candidate can ask the interviewer during or after the interview. A list of questions you as a candidate can ask the interviewer during or after the interview.
These are only a suggestion, use them carefully. Not every interviewer will be able to answer these (or happy to) which should be perhaps a red flag warning for your regarding working in such place but that's really up to you. These are only a suggestion, use them carefully. Not every interviewer will be able to answer these (or happy to) which should be perhaps a red flag warning for your regarding working in such place but that's really up to you.
@ -3702,9 +3679,7 @@ If you are looking for a way to prepare for a certain exam this is the section f
* [Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA)](topics/kubernetes/CKA.md) (Latest update: 2022) * [Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA)](topics/kubernetes/CKA.md) (Latest update: 2022)
## Additional DevOps and SRE Projects ## Other DevOps Projects
<p align="center"><a href="https://github.com/bregman-arie/sre-checklist"><img width="500px" src="images/sre_checklist.png"/></a></p>
<p align="center"><a href="https://github.com/bregman-arie/howtheydevops"><img src="images/how_they_devops.png"/></a></p> <p align="center"><a href="https://github.com/bregman-arie/howtheydevops"><img src="images/how_they_devops.png"/></a></p>
<p align="center"><a href="https://github.com/bregman-arie/devops-resources"><img src="images/devops_resources.png"/></a></p> <p align="center"><a href="https://github.com/bregman-arie/devops-resources"><img src="images/devops_resources.png"/></a></p>

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@ -19,4 +19,3 @@ VirtualBox Logo created by <a href="http://www.iconarchive.com/artist/dakirby309
Certificates logo by <a href="https://www.iconfinder.com/Flatart">Flatart</a><br> Certificates logo by <a href="https://www.iconfinder.com/Flatart">Flatart</a><br>
Storage icon by <a href="https://www.iconfinder.com/iconic_hub">Dinosoftlab</a><br> Storage icon by <a href="https://www.iconfinder.com/iconic_hub">Dinosoftlab</a><br>
CI/CD icon made made by <a href="https://www.flaticon.com/authors/freepik" title="Freepik">Freepik</a> from <a href="https://www.flaticon.com/" title="Flaticon">www.flaticon.com</a></div> CI/CD icon made made by <a href="https://www.flaticon.com/authors/freepik" title="Freepik">Freepik</a> from <a href="https://www.flaticon.com/" title="Flaticon">www.flaticon.com</a></div>
Chaos Engineering logo made by Arie Bregman

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#!/usr/bin/env bash #!/usr/bin/env bash
set -eu echo $(( $(grep -E "\[Exercise\]|</summary>" -c README.md topics/*/README.md | awk -F: '{ s+=$2 } END { print s }' )))
count=$(echo $(( $(grep -E "\[Exercise\]|</summary>" -c README.md topics/*/README.md | awk -F: '{ s+=$2 } END { print s }' ))))
echo "There are $count questions and exercises"
sed -i "s/currently \*\*[0-9]*\*\*/currently \*\*$count\\**/" README.md

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@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
# Chaos Engineering
- [Chaos Engineering](#chaos-engineering)
- [Chaos Engineering Questions](#chaos-engineering-questions)
- [Basics](#basics)
## Chaos Engineering Questions
### Basics
<details>
<summary>What is Chaos Engineering?</summary><br><b>
[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_engineering): "Chaos Engineering is the discipline of experimenting on a system in order to build confidence in the system's capability to withstand turbulent conditions in production."
[TechTarget](https://www.techtarget.com/searchitoperations/definition/chaos-engineering): "Chaos engineering is the process of testing a distributed computing system to ensure that it can withstand unexpected disruptions."
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What's a typical Chaos Engineering workflow?</summary><br><b>
According to [Gremlin](gremlin.com) there are three steps:
1. Planning an experiment where you design and choose a scenario in which your system should fail to operate properly
2. You execute the smallest possible experiment to test your theory
3. If nothing goes wrong, you scale your experiment and make the blast radius bigger. If your system breaks, you better understand why and start dealing with it
The process then repeats itself either with same scenario or a new one.
</b></details>

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@ -2,69 +2,46 @@
## Linux Master Application ## Linux Master Application
A completely free application for testing your knowledge on Linux. A completely free application for testing your knowledge on Linux
Desclaimer: developed by repository owner
<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.codingshell.linuxmaster"><img src="../../images/linux_master.jpeg"/></a> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.codingshell.linuxmaster"><img src="images/linux_master.jpeg"/></a>
- [Linux](#linux) ## Linux Self Assessment
- [Linux Master Application](#linux-master-application)
- [Linux Exercises](#linux-exercises)
- [Basics](#basics)
- [Misc](#misc)
- [Linux Questions](#linux-questions)
- [Linux 101](#linux-101)
- [I/O Redirection](#io-redirection)
- [Filesystem Hierarchy Standard](#filesystem-hierarchy-standard)
- [Permissions](#permissions)
- [Scenarios](#scenarios)
- [Systemd](#systemd)
- [Troubleshooting and Debugging](#troubleshooting-and-debugging)
- [Scenarios](#scenarios-1)
- [Kernel](#kernel)
- [SSH](#ssh)
- [Globbing & Wildcards](#globbing--wildcards)
- [Boot Process](#boot-process)
- [Disk and Filesystem](#disk-and-filesystem)
- [Performance Analysis](#performance-analysis)
- [Processes](#processes)
- [Security](#security)
- [Networking](#networking)
- [DNS](#dns)
- [Packaging](#packaging)
- [DNF](#dnf)
- [Applications and Services](#applications-and-services)
- [Users and Groups](#users-and-groups)
- [Hardware](#hardware)
- [Namespaces](#namespaces)
- [Virtualization](#virtualization)
- [AWK](#awk)
- [System Calls](#system-calls)
- [Filesystem & Files](#filesystem--files)
- [Advanced Networking](#advanced-networking)
- [Memory](#memory)
- [Distributions](#distributions)
- [Sed](#sed)
- [Misc](#misc-1)
## Linux Exercises * [Linux 101](#questions-linux-101)
* [Linux I/O Redirection](#questions-linux-redirection)
### Basics * [Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard](#questions-linux-fhs)
* [Linux Permissions](#questions-linux-permissions)
|Name|Topic|Objective & Instructions|Solution|Comments| * [Linux Scenarios](#questions-linux-scenarios)
|--------|--------|------|----|----| * [Linux Systemd](#questions-linux-systemd)
| Navigation | cd, pwd | [Exercise](exercises/navigation/README.md) | [Solution](exercises/navigation/solution.md) * [Linux Troubleshooting and Debugging](#questions-linux-troubleshooting)
| Create and Destroy | touch, rm, mkdir | [Exercise](exercises/create_remove/README.md) | [Solution](exercises/create_remove/solution.md) * [Linux kernel](#questions-linux-kernel)
| Copy Time | touch, cp, ls | [Exercise](exercises/copy/README.md) | [Solution](exercises/copy/solution.md) * [Linux SSH](#questions-linux-ssh)
* [Linux Globbing and Wildcards](#questions-linux-wildcards)
### Misc * [Linux Boot Process](#questions-linux-boot)
* [Linux Disk and Filesystem](#questions-linux-disk-fs)
|Name|Topic|Objective & Instructions|Solution|Comments| * [Linux Performance Analysis](#questions-linux-performance-analysis)
|--------|--------|------|----|----| * [Linux Processes](#questions-linux-processes)
| Unique Count | | [Exercise](exercises/uniqe_count/README.md) | [Solution](exercises/uniqe_count/solution.md) * [Linux Security](#questions-linux-security)
* [Linux Networking](#questions-linux-networking)
## Linux Questions * [Linux DNS](#questions-linux-dns)
* [Linux Packaging](#questions-linux-packaging)
* [Linux DNF](#questions-linux-dnf)
* [Linux Applications and Services](#questions-linux-apps-and-services)
* [Linux Users and Groups](#questions-linux-users-and-groups)
* [Linux Hardware](#questions-linux-hardware)
* [Linux Namepsaces](#questions-linux-namespaces)
* [Linux Virtualization](#questions-linux-virtualization)
* [Linux AWK](#questions-linux-awk)
* [Linux System Calls](#questions-linux-system-calls)
* [Linux Filesystem and Files](#questions-linux-fs-files)
* [Linux Advanced Networking](#questions-linux-advanced-networking)
* [Linux Memory](#questions-linux-memory)
* [Linux Distributions](#questions-linux-distributions)
* [Linux Sed](#questions-linux-sed)
* [Linux Misc](#questions-linux-misc)
<a name="questions-linux-101"></a>
### Linux 101 ### Linux 101
<details> <details>
@ -73,7 +50,6 @@ Desclaimer: developed by repository owner
[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux): "Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution." [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux): "Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution."
[Red Hat](https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/linux/what-is-linux): "Linux® is an open source operating system (OS). An operating system is the software that directly manages a systems hardware and resources, like CPU, memory, and storage. The OS sits between applications and hardware and makes the connections between all of your software and the physical resources that do the work." [Red Hat](https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/linux/what-is-linux): "Linux® is an open source operating system (OS). An operating system is the software that directly manages a systems hardware and resources, like CPU, memory, and storage. The OS sits between applications and hardware and makes the connections between all of your software and the physical resources that do the work."
</b></details> </b></details>
<details> <details>
@ -503,7 +479,8 @@ To stop a service: `systemctl stop <service name>`
<summary>Describe how to make a certain process/app a service</summary><br><b> <summary>Describe how to make a certain process/app a service</summary><br><b>
</b></details> </b></details>
### Troubleshooting and Debugging <a name="questions-linux-troubleshooting"></a>
### Troubleshooting & Debugging
<details> <details>
<summary>Where system logs are located?</summary><br><b> <summary>Where system logs are located?</summary><br><b>
@ -574,16 +551,7 @@ tail -f <file_name>
<summary>How you measure time execution of a program?</summary><br><b> <summary>How you measure time execution of a program?</summary><br><b>
</b></details> </b></details>
#### Scenarios <a name="questions-linux-kernel"></a>
<details>
<summary>You have a process writing to a file. You don't know which process exactly, you just know the path of the file. You would like to kill the process as it's no longer needed. How would you achieve it?</summary><br><b>
1. Run `lsof <FILE_PATH>`
2. Use the pid (process ID) from the lsof command and run `kill <PID>`
</b></details>
### Kernel ### Kernel
<details> <details>

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@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
# Copy Time
## Objectives
1. Create an empty file called `x` in `/tmp`
2. Copy the `x` file you created to your home directory
3. Create a copy of `x` file called `y`
4. Create a directory called `files` and move `x` and `y` there
5. Copy the directory "files" and name the copy `copy_of_files`
6. Rename `copy_of_files` directory to `files2`
7. Remove `files` and `files2` directories
## Solution
Click [here](solution.md) to view the solution.

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@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
# Copy Time
## Objectives
1. Create an empty file called `x` in `/tmp`
2. Copy the `x` file you created to your home directory
3. Create a copy of `x` file called `y`
4. Create a directory called `files` and move `x` and `y` there
5. Copy the directory "files" and name the copy `copy_of_files`
6. Rename `copy_of_files` directory to `files2`
7. Remove `files` and `files2` directories
## Solution
```
touch /tmp/x
cp x ~/
cp x y
mkdir files
cp x files
cp y files
cp -r files copy_of_files
mv copy_of_files files2
rm -rf files files2
```

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@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
# Create & Destroy
## Objectives
1. Create a file called `x`
2. Create a directory called `content`
3. Move `x` file to the `content` directory
4. Create a file insidethe `content` directory called `y`
5. Create the following directory structure in `content` directory: `dir1/dir2/dir3`
6. Remove the content directory
## Solution
Click [here](solution.md) to view the solution.

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@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
# Create & Destroy
## Objectives
1. Create a file called `x`
2. Create a directory called `content`
3. Move `x` file to the `content` directory
4. Create a file insidethe `content` directory called `y`
5. Create the following directory structure in `content` directory: `dir1/dir2/dir3`
6. Remove the content directory
## Solution
```
touch x
mkdir content
mv x content
touch content/y
mkdir -p content/dir1/dir2/dir3
rm -rf content
```

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@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
# Navigation
## Requirements
1. Linux :)
## Objectives
1. Change directory to `/tmp`
2. Move to parent directory
3. Change directory to home directory
4. Move to parent directory
5. Move again to parent directory
1. Where are you at? Verify with a command
6. Change to last visited directory
## Solution
Click [here](solution.md) to view the solution

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@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
# Navigation
## Requirements
1. Linux :)
## Objectives
1. Change directory to `/tmp`
2. Move to parent directory
3. Change directory to home directory
4. Move to parent directory
5. Move again to parent directory
1. Where are you at? Verify with a command
6. Change to last visited directory
## Solution
```
cd /tmp
cd ..
cd ~
cd ..
cd ..
# root (/)
pwd
cd -
```

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@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
# Unique Count
## Objectives
In this directory you have a file with list of IP addresses called `ip_list`. Using the file, determine which IP address is the most recurring (listed the most times).
# Solution
Click [here](solution.md) to view the solution

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@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
88.249.123.246 GET 200
204.14.121.43 GET 200
49.11.110.6 GET 200
137.126.109.160 GET 200
107.13.168.5 GET 200
232.136.91.101 GET 404
43.140.194.174 GET 200
137.126.109.160 GET 200
63.219.2.31 GET 200
17.86.6.109 GET 200
119.89.134.53 GET 404
137.126.109.160 GET 200
204.14.121.43 GET 200
238.183.3.55 GET 200
254.62.231.49 GET 200
250.1.145.213 POST 200
17.86.6.109 GET 404
119.89.134.53 POST 200
88.249.123.246 GET 200
49.11.110.61 GET 200
107.13.168.5 GET 504
232.136.91.101 GET 200
137.126.109.160 POST 200
63.219.2.31 GET 200
17.86.6.109 GET 200
119.89.134.53 GET 504
17.86.6.109 GET 200
197.1.166.141 GET 200
17.86.6.109 GET 200
87.21.188.245 GET 504
235.230.62.243 GET 200
246.3.48.149 GET 200
194.131.205.190 GET 504
222.129.41.212 POST 200
224.57.91.248 GET 504
238.183.3.55 GET 200
137.126.109.160 GET 504
254.62.231.49 POST 200
250.1.145.213 GET 504
185.80.235.15 GET 200
137.126.109.160 GET 200
63.219.2.31 GET 504
17.86.6.109 GET 200
119.89.134.53 POST 200
63.219.2.31 GET 504
17.86.6.109 GET 200
119.89.134.53 GET 504
88.249.123.246 GET 200
238.183.3.55 POST 200
224.57.91.248 GET 504
238.183.3.55 POST 200
254.62.231.49 GET 200
254.62.231.49 POST 404
250.1.145.213 GET 200
221.169.255.179 GET 200
220.35.213.247 GET 200
67.89.94.133 GET 200
77.192.163.242 POST 200
204.14.121.43 GET 200
22.244.145.46 GET 200
89.127.55.7 GET 200
137.126.109.160 GET 200
88.249.123.246 POST 200
238.183.3.55 GET 200
254.62.231.49 GET 200
250.1.145.213 GET 200
137.126.109.160 POST 200
221.169.255.179 GET 200
232.136.91.101 GET 200
197.1.166.141 GET 200
87.21.188.245 GET 200
235.230.62.243 GET 200
246.3.48.149 GET 200
194.131.205.190 GET 200
222.129.41.212 GET 200
137.126.109.160 GET 200
224.57.91.248 GET 200
185.80.235.15 GET 200
137.126.109.160 GET 200
63.219.2.31 GET 200
17.86.6.109 GET 200
119.89.134.53 GET 200
88.249.123.246 GET 200
238.183.3.55 GET 200
254.62.231.49 GET 200
250.1.145.213 GET 200
63.219.2.31 GET 200
17.86.6.109 GET 200
119.89.134.53 POST 200
88.249.123.246 GET 200
137.126.109.160 POST 200
238.183.3.55 GET 200
254.62.231.49 POST 200
250.1.145.213 GET 200
137.126.109.160 POST 200
63.219.2.31 GET 200
17.86.6.109 GET 404
107.13.168.5 POST 200
232.136.91.101 GET 200
137.126.109.160 POST 200
63.219.2.31 GET 200
17.86.6.109 GET 200
197.1.166.141 GET 200
87.21.188.245 POST 200
235.230.62.243 POST 200
246.3.48.149 GET 200
194.131.205.190 GET 200
224.57.91.248 GET 200
238.183.3.55 POST 200
254.62.231.49 GET 200
88.249.123.246 GET 200
49.11.110.61 GET 200
107.13.168.5 POST 200
232.136.91.101 GET 200
204.14.121.43 POST 200

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@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
# Unique Count
## Objectives
In this directory you have a file with list of IP addresses called `ip_list`. Using the file, determine which IP address is the most recurring (listed the most times).
# Solution
`sort ip_list | cut -d' ' -f1 | uniq -c | sort -n | tail -1`

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