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Add Argo and k8s questions

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Also updated Datadog questions.
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README.md
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:information_source:  This repo contains questions and exercises on various technical topics, sometimes related to DevOps and SRE
:bar_chart:  There are currently **2466** exercises and questions
:bar_chart:  There are currently **2487** exercises and questions
:warning:  You can use these for preparing for an interview but most of the questions and exercises don't represent an actual interview. Please read [FAQ page](faq.md) for more details

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topics/argo/README.md
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- [ArgoCD 101](#argocd-101)
- [ArgoCD Secrets](#argocd-secrets)
- [ArgoCD Helm](#argocd-helm)
- [Argo Questions](#argo-questions)
- [Argo Rollouts](#argo-rollouts)
- [ArgoCD Questions](#argocd-questions)
- [ArgoCD 101](#argocd-101-1)
- [Practical ArgoCD 101](#practical-argocd-101)
- [CLI](#cli)
@ -14,6 +15,9 @@
- [ArgoCD Application Health](#argocd-application-health)
- [ArgoCD Syncs](#argocd-syncs)
- [ArgoCD and Helm](#argocd-and-helm)
- [Argo Rollouts Questions](#argo-rollouts-questions)
- [Argo Rollouts 101](#argo-rollouts-101)
- [Argo Rollouts Commands](#argo-rollouts-commands)
## ArgoCD Exercises
@ -37,7 +41,14 @@
|--------|--------|------|----|----|
| Helm ArgoCD App | Secrets | [Exercise](exercises/argocd_helm_app/exercise.md) | [Solution](exercises/argocd_helm_app/solution.md)
## Argo Questions
### Argo Rollouts
|Name|Topic|Objective & Instructions|Solution|Comments|
|--------|--------|------|----|----|
| Blue/Green Rollout | Rollouts | [Exercise](exercises/blue_green_rollout/exercise.md) | [Solution](exercises/blue_green_rollout/solution.md)
| Canary Rollout | Rollouts | [Exercise](exercises/canary_rollout/exercise.md) | [Solution](exercises/canary_rollout/solution.md)
## ArgoCD Questions
### ArgoCD 101
@ -340,4 +351,62 @@ ArgoCD is able to track packaged Helm chart in a sense where it will monitor for
<summary>True or False? When ArgoCD tracks Helm chart the chart is no longer an Helm application and it's a ArgoCD app</summary><br><b>
True. Trying to execute commands like `helm ls` will fail because helm metadata doesn't exist anymore and the application is tracked as ArgoCD app.
</b></details>
## Argo Rollouts Questions
### Argo Rollouts 101
<details>
<summary>What is Argo Rollouts?</summary><br><b>
A controller for Kubernetes to perform application deployments using different strategies like Blue/Green deployments, Canary deployments, etc.
In addition, it supports A/B tests, automatic rollbacks and integrated metric analysis.
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What happens when you rollout a new version of your app with argo rollouts?</summary><br><b>
- Argo Rollouts creates a new replicaset (that is the new app version)
- Old version is still alive
- ArgoCD marks the app as out-ofsync
</b></details>
### Argo Rollouts Commands
<details>
<summary>How to list rollouts?</summary><br><b>
`kubectl argo rollouts list rollouts`
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>How to list the rollouts of a given application?</summary><br><b>
`kubectl argo rollouts get rollout SOME-APP`
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>How to check the status of a rollout?</summary><br><b>
`kubectl argo rollouts status SOME-APP`
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>How to rollout a new version (with new container tag)?</summary><br><b>
`kubectl argo rollouts set image SOME-APP web-app=some/registry/and/image:v2.0`
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>How to manually promote to new app version?</summary><br><b>
`kubectl argo rollouts promote SOME-APP`
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>How do you monitor a rollout?</summary><br><b>
`kubectl argo rollouts get rollout SOME-APP --watch`
</b></details>

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# Argo Rollouts - Blue/Green
## Requirements
1. Running Kubernetes cluster
2. Argo Rollouts CLI
3. Deployed app in specific version
## Objectives
1. Install Argo Rollouts controller
2. Write a rollout manifest that use blue/green deployment and apply it
1. Set it to 3 replicas
2. Disable auto-promotions
3. Check the rollout list
4. Rollout a new version of your app in any way you prefer
1. Check the status of the rollout
## Solutions
Click [here](solution.md) to view the solution.

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# Argo Rollouts - Blue/Green
## Requirements
1. Running Kubernetes cluster
2. Argo Rollouts CLI
3. Deployed app in specific version
## Objectives
1. Install Argo Rollouts controller
2. Write a rollout manifest that use blue/green deployment and apply it
1. Set it to 3 replicas
2. Disable auto-promotions
3. Check the rollout list
4. Rollout a new version of your app in any way you prefer
1. Check the status of the rollout
## Solution
Installation:
1. `kubectl create namespace argo-rollouts`
1. `kubectl apply -n argo-rollouts -f https://github.com/argoproj/argo-rollouts/releases/latest/download/install.yaml`
2. Rollout resource:
```
---
apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1
kind: Rollout
metadata:
name: some-app
spec:
replicas: 3
strategy:
blueGreen:
autoPromotionEnabled: false
selector:
matchLabels:
app: some-web-app
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: some-web-app
spec:
containers:
- name: web-app
image: some/registry/and/image:v1.0
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
```
3. `kubectl argo rollouts list rollouts`
4. `kubectl argo rollouts set image SOME-APP web-app=some/registry/and/image:v2.0`
1. `kubectl argo rollouts get rollout some-app --watch`

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# Argo Rollouts - Canary
## Requirements
1. Running Kubernetes cluster
2. Argo Rollouts CLI
3. Deployed app in a specific version
## Objectives
1. Install Argo Rollouts controller
2. Write a rollout manifest that use canary rollout strategy and apply it
1. Set it to 3 replicas
2. Disable auto-promotions
3. Check the rollout list
4. Rollout a new version of your app in any way you prefer
1. Check the status of the rollout
## Solutions
Click [here](solution.md) to view the solution.

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# Argo Rollouts - Canary
## Requirements
1. Running Kubernetes cluster
2. Argo Rollouts CLI
3. Deployed app in a specific version
## Objectives
1. Install Argo Rollouts controller
2. Write a rollout manifest that use canary rollout strategy and apply it
1. Set it to 6 replicas
2. Disable auto-promotions
3. Check the rollout list
4. Rollout a new version of your app in any way you prefer
1. Check the status of the rollout
## Solution
Installation:
1. `kubectl create namespace argo-rollouts`
1. `kubectl apply -n argo-rollouts -f https://github.com/argoproj/argo-rollouts/releases/latest/download/install.yaml`
2. Rollout resource:
```
---
apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1
kind: Rollout
metadata:
name: some-app
spec:
replicas: 6
strategy:
canary:
stableService: k8s-service-stable
canaryService: k8s-service-canary
trafficRouting:
ambassador:
mappings:
- k8s-mapping
steps:
- setWeight: 30
- pause: {}
- setWeight: 60
- pause: {}
- setWeight: 100
- pause: {}
selector:
matchLabels:
app: some-web-app
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: some-web-app
spec:
containers:
- name: web-app
image: some/registry/and/image:v1.0
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 8080
protocol: TCP
```
3. `kubectl argo rollouts list rollouts`
4. `kubectl argo rollouts set image SOME-APP web-app=some/registry/and/image:v2.0`
1. `kubectl argo rollouts get rollout some-app --watch`

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- [DataDog](#datadog)
- [Questions](#questions)
- [Basics](#basics)
- [Datadog Agent](#datadog-agent)
- [Datadog Integrations](#datadog-integrations)
## Questions
@ -41,8 +43,37 @@ Basically any device or location that has Datadog agent installed and running on
<details>
<summary>What is a Datadog agent?</summary><br><b>
A software runs on a Datadog host. Its purpose is to collect data from the host and sent it to Datadog (data like metrics, logs, etc.)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What are Datadog agents?</summary><br><b>
<summary>What are Datadog tags?</summary><br><b>
Datadog tags are used to mark different information with unique properties. For example, you might want to tag some data with "environment: production" while tagging information from staging or dev environment with "environment: staging".
</b></details>
## Datadog Agent
<details>
<summary>What are the component of a Datadog agent?</summary><br><b>
* Collector: its role is to collect data from the host on which it's installed. The default period of time as of today is every 15 seconds.
* Forwarder: responsible for sending the data to Datadog over HTTPS
</b></details>
## Datadog Integrations
<details>
<summary>What can you tell about Datadog integrations?</summary><br><b>
- Datadog has many supported integrations with different services, platforms, etc.
- Each integration includes information on how to apply it, how to use it and what configuration options it supports
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What opening some of the integrations windows/pages, there is a ection called "Monitors". What can be found there?</summary><br><b>
Usually you can find there some anomaly types that Datadog suggests to monitor and track.
</b></details>

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@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ What's your goal?
- [ReplicaSet](#replicaset)
- [Labels and Selectors](#labels-and-selectors)
- [Scheduler](#scheduler)
- [Kustomize](#kustomize)
- [Kubernetes Questions](#kubernetes-questions)
- [Kubernetes 101](#kubernetes-101)
- [Cluster and Architecture](#cluster-and-architecture)
@ -64,6 +65,8 @@ What's your goal?
- [Resource Limits](#resource-limits)
- [Resources Limits - Commands](#resources-limits---commands)
- [Monitoring](#monitoring)
- [Kustomize](#kustomize-1)
- [Deployment Strategies](#deployment-strategies)
- [Scenarios](#scenarios)
## Kubernetes Exercises
@ -103,6 +106,12 @@ What's your goal?
|--------|--------|------|----|----|
| Taints 101 | Taints | [Exercise](exercises/taints_101/exercise.md) | [Solution](exercises/taints_101/solution.md)
### Kustomize
|Name|Topic|Objective & Instructions|Solution|Comments|
|--------|--------|------|----|----|
| common labels | Kustomize | [Exercise](exercises/kustomize_common_labels/exercise.md) | [Solution](exercises/kustomize_common_labels/solution.md)
## Kubernetes Questions
### Kubernetes 101
@ -3006,6 +3015,103 @@ TODO: add more monitoring solutions
</b></details>
### Kustomize
<details>
<summary>What is Kustomize?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain the need for Kustomize by describing actual use cases</summary><br><b>
* You have an helm chart of an application used by multiple teams in your organization and there is a requirement to add annotation to the app specifying the name of the of team owning the app
* Without Kustomize you would need to copy the files (chart template in this case) and modify it to include the specific annotations we need
* With Kustomize you don't need to copy the entire repo or files
* You are asked to apply a change/patch to some app without modifying the original files of the app
* With Kustomize you can define kustomization.yml file that defines these customizations so you don't need to touch the original app files
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Describe in high-level how Kustomize works</summary><br><b>
1. You add kustomization.yml file in the folder of the app you would like to customize.
1. You define the customizations you would like to perform
2. You run `kustomize build APP_PATH` where your kustomization.yml also resides
</b></details>
### Deployment Strategies
<details>
<summary>What rollout/deployment strategies are you familiar with?</summary><br><b>
* Blue/Green Deployments: You deploy a new version of your app, while old version still running, and you start redirecting traffic to the new version of the app
* Canary Deployments: You deploy a new version of your app and start redirecting **portion** of your users/traffic to the new version. So you the migration to the new version is much more gradual
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain Blue/Green deployments/rollouts in detail</summary><br><b>
Blue/Green deployment steps:
1. Traffic coming from users through a load balancer to the application which is currently version 1
Users -> Load Balancer -> App Version 1
2. A new application version 2 is deployed (while version 1 still running)
Users -> Load Balancer -> App Version 1
App Version 2
3. If version 2 runs properly, traffic switched to it instead of version 1
User -> Load Balancer App version 1
-> App Version 2
4. Whether old version is removed or keep running but without users being redirected to it, is based on team or company decision
Pros:
* We can rollback/switch quickly to previous version at any point
Cons:
* In case of an issue with new version, ALL users are affected (instead of small portion/percentage)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain Canary deployments/rollouts in detail</summary><br><b>
Canary deployment steps:
1. Traffic coming from users through a load balancer to the application which is currently version 1
Users -> Load Balancer -> App Version 1
2. A new application version 2 is deployed (while version 1 still running) and part of the traffic is redirected to the new version
Users -> Load Balancer ->(95% of the traffic) App Version 1
->(5% of the traffic) App Version 2
3. If the new version (2) runs well, more traffic is redirected to it
Users -> Load Balancer ->(70% of the traffic) App Version 1
->(30% of the traffic) App Version 2
3. If everything runs well, at some point all traffic is redirected to the new version
Users -> Load Balancer -> App Version 2
Pros:
* If there is any issue with the new deployed app version, only some portion of the users affected, instead of all of them
Cons:
* Testing of new version is neccesrialy in the production environment (as the user traffic is exists only there)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What ways are you familiar with to implement deployment strategies (like canary, blue/green) in Kubernetes?</summary><br><b>
There are multiple ways. One of them is Argo Rollouts.
</b></details>
### Scenarios

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# Kustomize - Common Labels
## Requirements
1. Running Kubernetes cluster
2. Kustomize binary installed
## Objectives
In the current directory there is an app composed of a Deployment and Service.
1. Write a kustomization.yml file that will add to both the Service and Deployment the label "team-name: aces"
2. Execute a kustomize command that will generate the customized k8s files with the label appended
## Solution
Click [here](solution.md) to view the solution

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# Kustomize - Common Labels
## Requirements
1. Running Kubernetes cluster
2. Kustomize binary installed
## Objectives
In the current directory there is an app composed of a Deployment and Service.
1. Write a kustomization.yml file that will add to both the Service and Deployment the label "team-name: aces"
2. Execute a kustomize command that will generate the customized k8s files with the label appended
## Solution
1. Add the following to kustomization.yml in someApp directory:
```
apiVersion: kustomize.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Kustomization
commonLabels:
team-name: aces
resources:
- service.yml
- deployment.yml
```
2. Run `kustomize build someApp`

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apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.14.2
ports:
- containerPort: 80

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: my-service
spec:
selector:
app: nginx
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
targetPort: 9376