A summary of what you need to know for the exam can be found [here](https://codingshell.com/aws-cloud-practitioner)
#### Cloud 101
<details>
<summary>What types of Cloud Computing services are there?</summary><br><b>
IAAS
PAAS
SAAS
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain each of the following and give an example:
* IAAS
* PAAS
* SAAS</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What types of clouds (or cloud deployments) are there?</summary><br><b>
* Public
* Hybrid
* Private
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain each of the following Cloud Computing Deployments:
* Public
* Hybrid
* Private</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
#### AWS Global Infrastructure
<details>
<summary>Explain the following
* Availability zone
* Region
* Edge location</summary><br><b>
AWS regions are data centers hosted across different geographical locations worldwide, each region is completely independent of one another.<br>
Within each region, there are multiple isolated locations known as Availability Zones. Multiple availability zones ensure high availability in case one of them goes down.<br>
Edge locations are basically content delivery network which caches data and insures lower latency and faster delivery to the users in any location. They are located in major cities in the world.
</b></details>
#### AWS Networking
<details>
<summary>What is VPC?</summary><br><b>
"A logically isolated section of the AWS cloud where you can launch AWS resources in a virtual network that you define"
Read more about it [here](https://aws.amazon.com/vpc).
<summary>Explain Security Groups and Network ACLs</summary><br><b>
* NACL - security layer on the subnet level.
* Security Group - security layer on the instance level.
Read more about it [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-security-groups.html) and [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/VPC_SecurityGroups.html)
S3 is a object storage service which is fast, scalable and durable. S3 enables customers to upload, download or store any file or object that is up to 5 TB in size.
<summary>Explain folders and objects in regards to buckets</summary><br><b>
* Folder - any sub folder in an s3 bucket
* Object - The files which are stored in a bucket
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain the following:
* Object Lifecycles
* Object Sharing
* Object Versioning</summary><br><b>
* Object Lifecycles - Transfer objects between storage classes based on defined rules of time periods
* Object Sharing - Share objects via a URL link
* Object Versioning - Manage multiple versions of an object
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain Object Durability and Object Availability</summary><br><b>
Object Durability: The percent over a one-year time period that a file will not be lost
Object Availability: The percent over a one-year time period that a file will be accessible
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is a storage class? What storage classes are there?</summary><br><b>
Each object has a storage class assigned to, affecting its availability and durability. This also has effect on costs.
Storage classes offered today:
* Standard:
* Used for general, all-purpose storage (mostly storage that needs to be accessed frequently)
* The most expensive storage class
* 11x9% durability
* 2x9% availability
* Default storage class
* Standard-IA (Infrequent Access)
* Long lived, infrequently accessed data but must be available the moment it's being accessed
* 11x9% durability
* 99.90% availability
* One Zone-IA (Infrequent Access):
* Long-lived, infrequently accessed, non-critical data
* Less expensive than Standard and Standard-IA storage classes
* 2x9% durability
* 99.50% availability
* Intelligent-Tiering:
* Long-lived data with changing or unknown access patterns. Basically, In this class the data automatically moves to the class most suitable for you based on usage patterns
* Price depends on the used class
* 11x9% durability
* 99.90% availability
* Glacier: Archive data with retrieval time ranging from minutes to hours
* Glacier Deep Archive: Archive data that rarely, if ever, needs to be accessed with retrieval times in hours
* Both Glacier and Glacier Deep Archive are:
* The most cheap storage classes
* have 9x9% durability
More on storage classes [here](https://aws.amazon.com/s3/storage-classes)
<summary>A customer would like to move data which is rarely accessed from standard storage class to the most cheapest class there is. Which storage class should be used?
<summary>What is "Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration"?</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration enables fast, easy, and secure transfers of files over long distances between your client and an S3 bucket"
Learn more [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/transfer-acceleration.html)
<summary>What is IAM? What are some of its features?</summary><br><b>
Full explanation is [here](https://aws.amazon.com/iam)
In short: it's used for managing users, groups, access policies & roles
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>True or False? IAM configuration is defined globally and not per region</summary><br><b>
True
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Given an example of IAM best practices?</summary><br><b>
* Set up MFA
* Delete root account access keys
* Create IAM users instead of using root for daily management
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What are Roles?</summary><br><b>
A way for allowing a service of AWS to use another service of AWS. You assign roles to AWS resources.
For example, you can make use of a role which allows EC2 service to acesses s3 buckets (read and write).
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What are Policies?</summary><br><b>
Policies documents used to give permissions as to what a user, group or role are able to do. Their format is JSON.
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>A user is unable to access an s3 bucket. What might be the problem?</summary><br><b>
There can be several reasons for that. One of them is lack of policy. To solve that, the admin has to attach the user with a policy what allows him to access the s3 bucket.
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What should you use to:
* Grant access between two services/resources?
* Grant user access to resources/services?</summary><br><b>
* Role
* Policy
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What permissions does a new user have?</summary><br><b>
<summary>What is ELB (Elastic Load Balancing)?</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "Elastic Load Balancing automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple targets, such as Amazon EC2 instances, containers, IP addresses, and Lambda functions."
More on ELB [here](https://aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is auto scaling?</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "AWS Auto Scaling monitors your applications and automatically adjusts capacity to maintain steady, predictable performance at the lowest possible cost"
Read more about auto scaling [here](https://aws.amazon.com/autoscaling)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>True or False? Auto Scaling is about adding resources (such as instances) and not about removing resource</summary><br><b>
False. Auto scaling adjusts capacity and this can mean removing some resources based on usage and performances.
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What types of load balancers are supported in EC2 and what are they used for?</summary><br><b>
* Application LB - layer 7 traffic
* Network LB - ultra-high performances or static IP address
* Classic LB - low costs, good for test or dev environments
</b></details>
#### AWS DNS
<details>
<summary>What is Route 53?</summary><br><b>
"Amazon Route 53 is a highly available and scalable cloud Domain Name System (DNS) web service"
Some of Route 53 features:
* Register domain
* DNS service - domain name translations
* Health checks - verify your app is available
More on Route 53 [here](https://aws.amazon.com/route53)
</b></details>
#### AWS CloudFront
<details>
<summary>Explain what is CloudFront</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "Amazon CloudFront is a fast content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers data, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally with low latency, high transfer speeds, all within a developer-friendly environment."
More on CloudFront [here](https://aws.amazon.com/cloudfront)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain the following
* Origin
* Edge location
* Distribution</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
#### AWS Monitoring & Logging
<details>
<summary>What is AWS CloudWatch?</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "Amazon CloudWatch is a monitoring and observability service..."
More on CloudWatch [here](https://aws.amazon.com/cloudwatch)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS CloudTrail?</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "AWS CloudTrail is a service that enables governance, compliance, operational auditing, and risk auditing of your AWS account."
Read more on CloudTrail [here](https://aws.amazon.com/cloudtrail)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is Simply Notification Service?</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "a highly available, durable, secure, fully managed pub/sub messaging service that enables you to decouple microservices, distributed systems, and serverless applications."
Read more about it [here](https://aws.amazon.com/sns)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Explain the following in regards to SNS:
* Topics
* Subscribers
* Publishers</summary><br><b>
* Topics - used for grouping multiple endpoints
* Subscribers - the endpoints where topics send messages to
* Publishers - the provider of the message (event, person, ...)
</b></details>
#### AWS Security
<details>
<summary>What is the shared responsibility model? What AWS is responsible for and what the user is responsible for based on the shared responsibility model?</summary><br><b>
The shared responsibility model defines what the customer is responsible for and what AWS is responsible for.
More on the shared responsibility model [here](https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/shared-responsibility-model)
<summary>True or False? Based on the shared responsibility model, Amazon is responsible for physical CPUs and security groups on instances</summary><br><b>
False. It is responsible for Hardware in its sites but not for security groups which created and managed by the users.
<summary>Explain "Shared Controls" in regards to the shared responsibility model</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "apply to both the infrastructure layer and customer layers, but in completely separate contexts or perspectives. In a shared control, AWS provides the requirements for the infrastructure and the customer must provide their own control implementation within their use of AWS services"
Learn more about it [here](https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/shared-responsibility-model)
<summary>What is AWS Key Management Service (KMS)?</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "KMS makes it easy for you to create and manage cryptographic keys and control their use across a wide range of AWS services and in your applications."
<summary>What would you use to check why certain EC2 instances were terminated?</summary><br><b>
AWS CloudTrail
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What would you use for SQL database?</summary><br><b>
AWS RDS
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What would you use for NoSQL database?</summary><br><b>
AWS DynamoDB
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What would you use for running SQL queries interactively on S3?</summary><br><b>
AWS Athena
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What would you use for adding image and video analysis to your application?</summary><br><b>
AWS Rekognition
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Which service is used for sending notifications?</summary><br><b>
SNS
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Which service would you use for monitoring malicious activity and unauthorized behavior in regards to AWS accounts and workloads?</summary><br><b>
Amazon GuardDuty
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Which service would you use for centrally manage billing, control access, compliance, and security across multiple AWS accounts?</summary><br><b>
AWS Organizations
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Which service would you use for web application protection?</summary><br><b>
<summary>True or False? Region is a factor when it comes to EC2 costs/pricing</summary><br><b>
True. You pay differently based on the chosen region.
</b></details>
#### AWS Misc
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Lightsail?</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "Lightsail is an easy-to-use cloud platform that offers you everything needed to build an application or website, plus a cost-effective, monthly plan."
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is AWS Rekognition?</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "Amazon Rekognition makes it easy to add image and video analysis to your applications using proven, highly scalable, deep learning technology that requires no machine learning expertise to use."
Learn more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/rekognition)
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What is the Trusted Advisor?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What AWS services are serverless (or have the option to be serverless)?</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "big data platform for processing vast amounts of data using open source tools such as Apache Spark, Apache Hive, Apache HBase, Apache Flink, Apache Hudi, and Presto."
<summary>What is Simple Queue Service (SQS)?</summary><br><b>
AWS definition: "Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) is a fully managed message queuing service that enables you to decouple and scale microservices, distributed systems, and serverless applications".
Learn more about it [here](https://aws.amazon.com/sqs)
</b></details>
#### AWS Disaster Recovery
<details>
<summary>In regards to disaster recovery, what is RTO and RPO?</summary><br><b>
RTO - The maximum acceptable length of time that your application can be offline.
RPO - The maximum acceptable length of time during which data might be lost from your application due to an incident.
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>What types of disaster recovery techniques AWS supports?</summary><br><b>
* The Cold Method - Periodically backups and sending the backups off-site<br>
* Pilot Light - Data is mirrored to an environment which is always running
* Warm Standby - Running scaled down version of production environment
* Multi-site - Duplicated environment that is always running
</b></details>
<details>
<summary>Which disaster recovery option has the highest downtime and which has the lowest?</summary><br><b>
